Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34400530›Full record

ArticleLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2021

Sleep spectral power correlates of prospective memory maintenance.

Tony J Cunningham, Ryan Bottary, Dan Denis, Jessica D Payne

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Dimensions of trauma: The relationship between daytime PTSD cluster symptomology and sleep measures.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Multi-region processing during sleep for memory and cognition.Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Sleep consolidates stimulus-response learning.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Tony J Cunningham *Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
Ryan Bottary *Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Dan DenisDepartment of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
Jessica D PayneDepartment of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
University of Notre Dame · USBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · USHarvard University · US

Funding

TRAINING IN SLEEP, CIRCADIAN &RESPIRATORY NEUROBIOLOGYT32HL007901 · NHLBI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI Charles A Czeisler · 1998 to 2026
$18.5M
NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007901
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Prospective memory involves setting an intention to act that is maintained over time and executed when appropriate. Slow wave sleep (SWS) has been implicated in maintaining prospective memories, although which SWS oscillations most benefit this memory type remains unclear. Here, we investigated SWS spectral power correlates of prospective memory. Healthy young adult participants completed three ongoing tasks in the morning or evening. They were then given the prospective memory instruction to remember to press "Q" when viewing the words "horse" or "table" when repeating the ongoing task after a 12-h delay including overnight, polysomnographically recorded sleep or continued daytime wakefulness. Spectral power analysis was performed on recorded sleep EEG. Two additional groups were tested in the morning or evening only, serving as time-of-day controls. Participants who slept demonstrated superior prospective memory compared with those who remained awake, an effect not attributable to time-of-day of testing. Contrary to prior work, prospective memory was negatively associated with SWS. Furthermore, significant increases in spectral power in the delta-theta frequency range (1.56 Hz-6.84 Hz) during SWS was observed in participants who failed to execute the prospective memory instructions. Although sleep benefits prospective memory maintenance, this benefit may be compromised if SWS is enriched with delta-theta activity.

Indexed as

Memory, EpisodicAnimalsElectroencephalographyHorsesHumansMental RecallSleepWakefulnessYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID34400530
PMCPMC8372568
OpenAlexW3194547616

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.