Observational studyBMJ open2021
Temporal trends of COVID-19 mortality and hospitalisation rates: an observational cohort study from the US Department of Veterans Affairs.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Significant association between HIV infection and increased risk of COVID-19 mortality: a meta-analysis based on adjusted effect estimates.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of substance use disorders among US veterans with type 2 diabetes: cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Article
- Mitochondria and the Repurposing of Diabetes Drugs for Off-Label Health Benefits.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of brain neuroimaging abnormalities in COVID-19 patients and survivors.Psychoradiology · 2025Article
- Evaluating the spike in the symptomatic proportion of SARS-CoV-2 in China in 2022 with variolation effects: a modeling analysis.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2024Article
- Three-year outcomes of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years.Nature medicine · 2023Article
- Early Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Multisite Prospective Cohort of Inpatient Veterans.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Long-term gastrointestinal outcomes of COVID-19.Nature communications · 2023Article
- The impact of COVID-19 and COVID vaccination on cardiovascular outcomes.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2023Article
- The Activity of Special Continuity Care Units in the City of Florence During the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Long-term neurologic outcomes of COVID-19.Nature medicine · 2022Article
- Acute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.Nature medicine · 2022Article
- Association of patient characteristics with clinical outcomes in a cohort of hospitalised patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Greek referral centre for COVID-19.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature medicine · 2022Article
- Risks and burdens of incident diabetes in long COVID: a cohort study.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2022Article
- Letter: COVID-19 outcomes and anti-TNF treatments-comprehensive evidence matters. Authors' reply.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Article
- Trends and associated factors for Covid-19 hospitalisation and fatality risk in 2.3 million adults in England.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Risks of mental health outcomes in people with covid-19: cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Article
- Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes Among a Large Midwestern U.S. Cohort of Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Prior to Vaccine Availability.Journal of patient-centered research and reviews · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the temporal trends of 30-day mortality and hospitalisation in US Veterans with COVID-19 and 30-day mortality in hospitalised veterans with COVID-19 and to decompose the contribution of changes in the underlying characteristics of affected populations to these temporal changes.
designObservational cohort study.
settingUS Department of Veterans Affairs.
participants49 238 US veterans with a positive COVID-19 test between 20 March 2020 and 19 September 2020; and 9428 US veterans hospitalised with a positive COVID-19 test during the same period. OUTCOME MEASURES: 30-day mortality rate and hospitalisation rate.
resultsBetween 20 March 2020 and 19 September 2020 and in COVID-19 positive individuals, 30-day mortality rate dropped by 9.2% from 13.6% to 4.4%; hospitalisation rate dropped by 16.8% from 33.8% to 17.0%. In hospitalised COVID-19 individuals, 30-day mortality rate dropped by 12.7% from 23.5% to 10.8%. Among COVID-19 positive individuals, decomposition analyses suggested that changes in demographic, health and contextual characteristics, COVID-19 testing capacity, and hospital occupancy rates accounted for 40.2% and 33.3% of the decline in 30-day mortality and hospitalisation, respectively. Changes in the underlying characteristics of hospitalised COVID-19 individuals accounted for 29.9% of the decline in 30-day mortality.
conclusionBetween March and September 2020, changes in demographic and health characteristics of people infected with COVID-19 contributed measurably to the substantial decline in 30-day mortality and hospitalisation.
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