ReviewBiomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie2021
Silymarin (milk thistle extract) as a therapeutic agent in gastrointestinal cancer.
Review in Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Silybum marianum Extract: A Highly Effective Natural Alternative to Retinoids to Prevent Skin Aging Without Side Effects.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Trial
- Research Progress and Prospects of Flavonoids in the Treatment of Diseases by Regulating Autophagy: A Narrative Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Development and Characterization of Heparin-Pullulan Liposomal Nano-Gel for Enhanced Silymarin Delivery in Dementia Therapy: In Vivo Evaluation in Albino Mice.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Integrated bioinformatics and molecular docking ıdentify CCNB1, CDK1, and CYP1A2 as therapeutic targets of phytochemicals in hepatocellular carcinoma.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Silymarin and Silybin: Rejuvenating Traditional Remedies with Modern Delivery Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Polyphenolic compounds as protective agents against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity with molecular mechanisms and clinical potential.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Comparison of different ginsenosides with C-3 or C-6 sugar moieties on activities in alcohol-induced liver injury mice.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Article
- Article
- Medicinal plants: nutritional, immunological and therapeutic role in treating cancer-related malnutrition: a comprehensive review.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Determination of the Major Bioactive Component of Silybum marianum in Nutricosmetics by a HPLC Method With Amperometric Detection and UAE Pretreatment.Phytochemical analysis : PCA · 2025Article
- Melatonin for gastric cancer treatment: where do we stand?Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Silymarin: a promising modulator of apoptosis and survival signaling in cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Silymarin as a phytopharmaceutical agent: advances in mechanistic insights, formulation strategies, and pre-clinical applications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Effects and Mechanisms of Silibinin on Influenza A/H1N1 Pathogenesis in a Mouse Model.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Article
- Milk Thistle (Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review on the Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, and Antiparasitic Potential of Silybin.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro-in ovo toxicological screening of silibinin fatty acids conjugates as prodrugs with potential biomedical applications.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Article
- Impact of silymarin-supplemented cookies on liver enzyme and inflammatory markers in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Formulation of silymarin surface modified vesicles: In vitro characterization to cell viability assessment.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024Article
- A comparative study on the preparation and evaluation of solubilizing systems for silymarin.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Silymarin contains a group of closely-related flavonolignan compounds including silibinin, and is extracted from Silybum marianum species, also called milk thistle. Silymarin has been shown to protect the liver in both experimental models and clinical studies. The chemopreventive activity of silymarin has shown some efficacy against cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Silymarin can modulate apoptosis in vitro and survival in vivo, by interfering with the expression of cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-associated proteins. In addition to its anti-metastatic activity, silymarin has also been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. The chemoprotective effects of silymarin and silibinin (its major constituent) suggest they could be applied to reduce the side effects and increase the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in various cancer types, especially in gastrointestinal cancers. This review examines the recent studies and summarizes the mechanistic pathways and down-stream targets of silymarin in the therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.