ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Urine Lipoarabinomannan Testing in Adults With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus in a Trial of Empiric Tuberculosis Therapy.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Uptake and disparities in tuberculosis screening using urine-lipoarabinomannan among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus-disease in Africa: A systematic review.World journal of virology · 2025Article
- Landscape of TB Infection and Prevention among People Living with HIV.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Isoniazid Adherence Reduces Mortality and Incident Tuberculosis at 96 Weeks Among Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Multiple High-Burden Settings.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
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16 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen test is a tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic test with highest sensitivity in individuals with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Its role in TB diagnostic algorithms for HIV-positive outpatients remains unclear.
methodsThe AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5274 trial demonstrated that empiric TB therapy did not improve 24-week survival compared to isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in TB screen-negative HIV-positive adults initiating antiretroviral therapy with CD4 counts <50 cells/µL. Retrospective LAM testing was performed on stored urine obtained at baseline. We determined the proportion of LAM-positive participants and conducted modified intent-to-treat analysis excluding LAM-positive participants to determine the effect on 24-week survival, TB incidence, and time to TB using Kaplan-Meier method.
resultsA5274 enrolled 850 participants; 53% were male and the median CD4 count was 18 (interquartile range, 9-32) cells/µL. Of the 850, 566 (67%) had LAM testing (283 per arm); 28 (5%) were positive (21 [7%] and 7 [2%] in the empiric and IPT arms, respectively). Of those LAM-positive, 1 participant in each arm died and 5 of 21 and 0 of 7 in empiric and IPT arms, respectively, developed TB. After excluding these 28 cases, there were 19 and 21 deaths in the empiric and IPT arms, respectively (P = .88). TB incidence remained higher (4.6% vs 2%, P = .04) and time to TB remained faster in the empiric arm (P = .04).
conclusionsAmong outpatients with advanced HIV who screened negative for TB by clinical symptoms, microscopy, and Xpert testing, LAM testing identified an additional 5% of individuals with TB. Positive LAM results did not change mortality or TB incidence.
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