SynthesisClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analyses to Assess the Effectiveness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Self-testing Distribution Strategies.
Synthesis in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Social network strategies to distribute HIV self-testing kits: a global systematic review and network meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Pooled it
- Comparing SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19 self-testing/self-sampling with molecular and professional-use tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- ART initiations following community-based distribution of HIV self-tests: meta-analysis and meta-regression of STAR Initiative data.BMJ global health · 2021Pooled it
- Understanding experiences of potential harm among MSM (cis and trans) using HIV self-testing in the SELPHI randomised controlled trial in England and Wales: a mixed-methods study.Sexually transmitted infections · 2023Trial
- HIV testing and linkage to ART following secondary distribution of HIV self-test kits to male partners of women living with HIV: a pilot randomized control trial in Mpumalanga, South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Trial
- What Tools Do We Have to End the US HIV Epidemic? A Review of Structural, Biomedical and Implementation Interventions and Their Potential Population Impact.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Review
- Review
- Characterizing HIV-related patient portal preferences among men who have sex with men in the United States.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Trends in HIV self-testing uptake in Africa: A modeling study of population-based surveys and HIV testing program data.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Awareness, knowledge, perception and behavioral risk predictors of acceptability of long-acting injectable lenacapavir HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Ghana: a cross-sectional study.AIDS research and therapy · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of the I'm Ready HIV Self-Testing Programme Among High-Risk Populations in Canada.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Person-centred HIV prevention in an era of innovation and uncertainties.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Empowering at-risk Thai adolescents and young adults: an observational study of "Stand By You" - a person-centred online service model for HIV self-screening, text-based counselling and linkage to care.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Observational
- Approaches and impacts of digital health in HIV self-testing uptake & use among populations from low- and middle-income countries: a descriptive systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of public health and emergency · 2025Article
- Effect of human immunodeficiency virus self-testing (HIVST) on HIV and STI testing uptake among men who have sex with men (MSM): A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Reaching priority populations with different HIV self-testing distribution models in South Africa: an analysis of programme data.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A prospective multi-site study to evaluate the performance and usability of an oral fluid-based HIV self-test in Canada.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Assessing hepatitis C self-testing within differentiated care models in Cameroon: Feasibility, acceptability, and linkage to care for key and priority populations.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Distributing HIV Self-Tests within Assisted Partner Services in Western Kenya.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Needs & networks: understanding the role and impact of social networks on HIV (self-)testing among GBMSM and trans people in England and Wales.BMC public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to identify which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) self-testing (HIVST) distribution strategies are most effective.
methodsWe abstracted data from randomized controlled trials and observational studies published between 4 June 2006 and 4 June 2019.
resultsWe included 33 studies, yielding 6 HIVST distribution strategies. All distribution strategies increased testing uptake compared to standard testing: in sub-Saharan Africa, partner HIVST distribution ranked highest (78% probability); in North America, Asia, and the Pacific regions, web-based distribution ranked highest (93% probability), and facility based distribution ranked second in all settings. Across HIVST distribution strategies HIV positivity and linkage was similar to standard testing.
conclusionsA range of HIVST distribution strategies are effective in increasing HIV testing. HIVST distribution by sexual partners, web-based distribution, as well as health facility distribution strategies should be considered for implementation to expand the reach of HIV testing services.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.