ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
Rabies epidemiology, prevention and control in Nigeria: Scoping progress towards elimination.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Traditional medicine use among rabies exposed individuals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Human rabies despite post-exposure prophylaxis: a systematic review of fatal breakthrough infections after zoonotic exposures.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Barriers to Canine Rabies Vaccination in Nigeria: Implications for Rabies Elimination by 2030.Zoonoses and public health · 2026Article
- Spatio-temporal patterns and vaccination effectiveness in rabies risk using surveillance data from Kaduna State, Nigeria.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Experiences of piloting integrated bite case management in Zaria Metropolis, Nigeria.Frontiers in tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Sociodemographic and Dog-Management Factors Associated With Free-Roaming Dogs in Nigeria and Sierra Leone.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Health and Economic Burden of Rabies in Northwest Ethiopia.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2025Article
- Quantitative risk modelling of human rabies in Ghana and Nigeria associated with West/Central African dog-trade.One health outlook · 2025Article
- The Challenge of Lyssavirus Infections in Domestic and Other Animals: A Mix of Virological Confusion, Consternation, Chagrin, and Curiosity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exploring one health-based strategies for rabies elimination: Overview and future prospects.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Dog-Mediated Rabies Surveillance in Nigeria (2014-2023): Investigating Seasonality and Spatial Clustering.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Traditional practices versus modern healthcare: Determinants of traditional medicine use after potential dog bites among dog-owning households in Nigeria.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Rabies knowledge and prevention practices in Gombe state, Nigeria: a community-based comparative cross-sectional study of rabies hotspot and non-hotspot areas.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Factors influencing vaccination of dogs against rabies in South Mugirango Sub-County-Kisii County; Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Holistic application of the one health approach in the prevention and control of rabies: plausible steps towards achieving the 2030 vision in Africa.One health outlook · 2024Review
- Insights into canine rabies vaccination Disparities in Sierra Leone: A cross-sectional household study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Factors influencing canine rabies vaccination among dog-owning households in Nigeria.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- An assessment of the operationality and factors influencing the effectiveness of rabies surveillance in Gombe State, Nigeria.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- An evaluation of the impact of anti-rabies programs in Nigeria.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Modelling modifiable factors associated with the probability of human rabies deaths among self-reported victims of dog bites in Abuja, Nigeria.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman rabies remains a significant public health problem in Africa with outbreaks reported in most countries. In Nigeria-the most populous country in Africa-rabies causes a significant public health burden partly due to perennial obstacles to implementing a national prevention and control program.
methodsWe conducted a scoping review using standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify and select published articles from Nigeria during 1978-2020 reporting on rabies virus infections (human, canine, livestock, and wildlife), canine bites, knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) surveys on rabies and canine ecology studies. We extracted information on study location, year and additional details of each study such as rabies prevalence, general characteristics of offending dogs, dog vaccination status and health-seeking behaviours.
findingsBetween 1978 and 2020, 90 published articles met our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of rabies virus antigen detection varied between 3% and 28%, with more studies in the north. Most bites were unprovoked from dog bite studies (36.4%-97%), by dogs with low vaccination rates (12-38%). A more significant proportion of biting dogs were owned (31-90%). Laboratory confirmation for biting was available for only a small proportion of studies (6%; n = 2/32). Of the dogs surveyed during ecology studies, indigenous dogs accounted for the majority (62-98%), used mostly for security purposes (52-98%), with the vaccination rate between 15% and 38% in most states. Studies conducted in areas distant from rabies diagnostic facilities accounted for more human rabies cases and fewer dog rabies cases.
conclusionSignificant improvements are necessary to achieve the elimination of human rabies mediated via dogs by 2030.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.