ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
Transmission of 'Candidatus Anaplasma camelii' to mice and rabbits by camel-specific keds, Hippobosca camelina.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mosquito-based xenosurveillance reveals circulation of Anaplasma and Neoehrlichia in livestock at a human-wildlife interface in Kenya.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- First report of 'Candidatus Anaplasma camelii' and high molecular prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Somalia.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- Data of the study: De Novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (Hippobosca camelina).BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Investigation of avian louse flies as potential vectors of protozoan and bacterial pathogens of veterinary importance.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- De novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (Hippobosca camelina).BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Stomoxys flies (Diptera, Muscidae) are competent vectors of Trypanosoma evansi, Trypanosoma vivax, and other livestock hemopathogens.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Tick-borne bacterial agents in Hyalomma asiaticum ticks from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Northwest China.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Molecular Detection ofVeterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Exploring the Coinfection and Genetic Diversity of Multiple Tick-Borne Pathogens in Livestock Population of Punjab, Pakistan.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- Tissue-specific localization of tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from camels in Kenya: insights into vector competence.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Discovery of the vector of visceral leishmaniasis,Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2023Article
- MALDI-TOF MS Identification of Dromedary Camel Ticks and Detection of Associated Microorganisms, Southern Algeria.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Molecular detection of novelOpen research Africa · 2022Article
- Case studies from the experience of early career researchers in East Africa in building community engagement in research.AAS open research · 2022Article
- Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens Associated with Dromedary Camels (Microorganisms · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Anaplasmosis, caused by infection with bacteria of the genus Anaplasma, is an important veterinary and zoonotic disease. Transmission by ticks has been characterized but little is known about non-tick vectors of livestock anaplasmosis. This study investigated the presence of Anaplasma spp. in camels in northern Kenya and whether the hematophagous camel ked, Hippobosca camelina, acts as a vector. Camels (n = 976) and > 10,000 keds were sampled over a three-year study period and the presence of Anaplasma species was determined by PCR-based assays targeting the Anaplasmataceae 16S rRNA gene. Camels were infected by a single species of Anaplasma, 'Candidatus Anaplasma camelii', with infection rates ranging from 63-78% during the dry (September 2017), wet (June-July 2018), and late wet seasons (July-August 2019). 10-29% of camel keds harbored 'Ca. Anaplasma camelii' acquired from infected camels during blood feeding. We determined that Anaplasma-positive camel keds could transmit 'Ca. Anaplasma camelii' to mice and rabbits via blood-feeding. We show competence in pathogen transmission and subsequent infection in mice and rabbits by microscopic observation in blood smears and by PCR. Transmission of 'Ca. Anaplasma camelii' to mice (8-47%) and rabbits (25%) occurred readily after ked bites. Hence, we demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of H. camelina as a vector of anaplasmosis. This key finding provides the rationale for establishing ked control programmes for improvement of livestock and human health.
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