Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34398512›Full record

ArticleChemSusChem2021

Green Fabrication Approaches of Lignin Nanoparticles from Different Technical Lignins: A Comparison Study.

Patrícia Figueiredo, Maarit H Lahtinen, Melissa B Agustin, Danila Morais de Carvalho, Sami-Pekka Hirvonen, Paavo A Penttilä, Kirsi S Mikkonen

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ChemSusChem, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Magnetic nanoparticles as promising materials for the future of medicine.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Interfacial Properties of Surface-Modified Lignin Nanoparticles.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
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  17. Article
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  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Patrícia FigueiredoDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Maarit H LahtinenDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Melissa B AgustinDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Danila Morais de CarvalhoDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Sami-Pekka HirvonenDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
Paavo A PenttiläDepartment of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, 00076, Aalto, Finland.
Kirsi S MikkonenDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
University of Helsinki · FIAalto University · FIHelsinki Art Museum · FI

Funding

Aalto UniversityAcademy of Finland 315768Academy of Finland 330617Biocenter FinlandElectron Microscopy Unit, University of HelsinkiEuropean Research Council 863808FINStructInstruct-ERIC Centre FinlandUniversity of Helsinki
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The production of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) has emerged as a way to overcome the highly variable and complex molecular structure of lignin. It can offer morphological control of the lignin polymer, allowing the formation of stable LNP dispersions in aqueous media, while increasing the potential of lignin for high-value applications. However, the polydispersity and morphology of LNPs varies depending on the lignin grade and preparation method, and a systematic comparison using different technical lignins is lacking. In this study, it was attempted to find a green fabrication method with a distinct solvent fractionation of lignin to prepare LNPs using three different technical lignins as starting polymers: BLN birch lignin (hardwood, BB), alkali Protobind 1000 (grass, PB), and kraft LignoBoost (softwood, LB). For that, three anti-solvent precipitation approaches to prepare LNPs were systematically compared: 70 % aqueous ethanol, acetone/water (3 : 1) and NaOH as the lignin solvent, and water/aqueous HCl as the anti-solvent. Among all these methods, the acetone/water (3 : 1) approach allowed production of homogeneous and monodisperse LNPs with a negative surface charge and also spherical and smooth surfaces. Overall, the results revealed that the acetone/water (3 : 1) method was the most effective approach tested to obtain homogenous, small, and spherical LNPs from the three technical lignins. These LNPs exhibited an improved stability at different ionic strengths and a wider pH range compared to the other preparation methods, which can greatly increase their application in many fields, such as pharmaceutical and food sciences.

Indexed as

birch ligningrass ligningreen synthesiskraft ligninlignin nanoparticles

Identifiers

PMID34398512
PMCPMC8596756
OpenAlexW3195220442

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.