Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34398199›Full record

ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2021

High-Fat Diet Induces Inflammation of Meibomian Gland.

Jinghua Bu, Minjie Zhang, Yang Wu, Nan Jiang, Yuli Guo, Xin He, Hui He, M Vimalin Jeyalatha, Peter Sol Reinach, Zuguo Liu and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Review
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  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Photothermal-Responsive Soluble Microneedle Patches for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
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  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Urban Particulate Matter Triggers Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Ocular surface changes in moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Jinghua BuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Minjie ZhangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Yang WuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Nan JiangDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Yuli GuoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Xin HeDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Hui HeDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
M Vimalin JeyalathaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Peter Sol ReinachSchool of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Zuguo LiuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Wei LiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Xiamen University · CNFudan University · CNWenzhou Medical University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: To determine if a high-fat diet (HFD) induces meibomian gland (MG) inflammation in mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet (SD), HFD, or HFD supplemented with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist rosiglitazone for various durations. Body weight, blood lipid levels, and eyelid changes were monitored at regular intervals. MG sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining, LipidTox staining, TUNEL assay, and immunostaining. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analyses were performed to detect relative gene expression and signaling pathway activation in MGs. Results: MG acinus accumulated more lipids in the mice fed the HFD. Periglandular CD45-positive and F4/80-positive cell infiltration were more evident in the HFD mice, and they were accompanied by upregulation of inflammation-related cytokines. PPAR-γ downregulation accompanied activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in the HFD mice. There was increased acini cell apoptosis and mitochondria damage in mice fed the HFD. MG inflammation was ameliorated following a shift to the standard diet and rosiglitazone treatment in the mice fed the HFD. Conclusions: HFD-induced declines in PPAR-γ expression and MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway activation resulted in MG inflammation and dysfunction in mice.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiomarkersDiet, High-FatDisease Models, AnimalInflammationMaleMeibomian GlandsMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase KinasesNF-kappa BSignal TransductionUveitisBiomarkersMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase KinasesNF-kappa B

Identifiers

PMID34398199
PMCPMC8374999
OpenAlexW3194170053

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.