Trial reportThe oncologist2021
Outcomes of Pregnancy During Immunotherapy Treatment for Cancer: Analysis of Clinical Trials Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute.
Trial report in The oncologist, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Systemic treatment of breast cancer: professional guideline].Magyar onkologia · 2025Guideline
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Pregnancy-Associated Breast Cancer: A Trimester and Subtype Based Clinical Decision Framework for the Surgeon and Surgical Trainee.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Review
- Pregnancy promotes tumor metastasis through adenosine-induced immunosuppressive neutrophils in pre-metastatic microenvironment.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cancer During Pregnancy: Navigating Clinical and Research Challenges.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- A single-institution study evaluating the fertility of young adults with malignancy treated with immunotherapy.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint for pregnancy.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Review
- Fertility Preservation in the Era of Immuno-Oncology: Lights and Shadows.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Use During Pregnancy and Outcomes in Pregnant Individuals and Newborns.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Stem Cell Origin of Cancer: Clinical Implications beyond Immunotherapy for Drug versus Therapy Development in Cancer Care.Cancers · 2024Article
- Caring for Pregnant Patients with Cancer: A Framework for Ethical and Patient-Centred Care.Cancers · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy for Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: A New Paradigm.Gynecologic and obstetric investigation · 2024Review
- Cancer and Pregnancy in the Post-Roe v. Wade Era: A Comprehensive Review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- An international real-world analysis of relapsed/refractory lymphoma occurring during pregnancy.Blood advances · 2023Article
- Gestational Breast Cancer - a Review of Outcomes, Pathophysiology, and Model Systems.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2023Review
- Cancer in pregnancy: treatment effects.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2023Review
- Supporting Patients with Cancer after Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization.The oncologist · 2022Article
- Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy during pregnancy for relapsed-refractory Hodgkin lymphoma.American journal of hematology · 2022Article
- Pregnancy and Tumour: The Parallels and Differences in Regulatory T Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite expanding indications for immunotherapeutic agents, there is limited understanding about their clinical effects on pregnancy outcomes. Generally, pregnant patients with cancer are excluded from clinical trials, and inadvertent pregnancies on trial result in patients being taken off because of concerns for fetal toxicity. To answer this question of pregnancy outcomes on immunotherapy-based trials, we performed a retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP)-Adverse Event Reporting System for unexpected pregnancies during NCI-CTEP-sponsored immunotherapy clinical trials between 2011 and 2020. We identified nine female patients who had unexpected pregnancies, of whom seven chose to take their pregnancies to term. All seven pregnancies resulted in vaginal births of apparently normal infants. This is the first report of pregnancy outcomes in multiple female patients exposed to immunotherapy. Our data suggest the need for further research to better evaluate and define contraception recommendations during immunotherapy treatment for cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.