ArticleeLife2021
HIF1α is required for NK cell metabolic adaptation during virus infection.
Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Roles of hypoxia inducible factors in viral infection: Are they a potential therapeutic target?Virulence · 2025Pooled it
- Functional segregation of HIF-1α and AhR controls NK cell responsiveness under hypoxia.iScience · 2026Article
- Profiling Peripheral Blood with an Optimized, Multiplexed, Single-cell Multiome Approach Supports an Insulin-driven Asthma Subtype.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A new era of natural killer cell immunotherapy in tumor treatment: latest advances and cutting-edge perspectives from basic research to clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- How oxygenation shapes immune responses: emerging roles for physioxia and pathological hypoxia.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in chronic graft-versus-host disease to enhance graft-versus-leukemia responses: implications for nanotherapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Adaptation of Natural Killer Cells to Hypoxia: A Review of the Transcriptional, Translational, and Metabolic Processes.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- Hypoxic tumor microenvironment: Destroyer of natural killer cell function.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2024Article
- Article
- The role of hypoxic microenvironment in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- NK cell expansion requires HuR and mediates control of solid tumors and long-term virus infection.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Cardinal features of immune memory in innate lymphocytes.Nature immunology · 2023Review
- In Vivo Zymosan Treatment Induces IL15-Secreting Macrophages and KLRG1-Expressing NK Cells in Mice.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Metabolic regulation of NK cell antiviral functions during cytomegalovirus infection.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2023Review
- Immunometabolic Signature during Respiratory Viral Infection: A Potential Target for Host-Directed Therapies.Viruses · 2023Review
- Metabolism of NK cells during viral infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Emerging role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in inflammatory autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- NK Cells Under Hypoxia: The Two Faces of Vascularization in Tumor and Pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Hyperbaric oxygen augments susceptibility toGut microbesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential for early protection against virus infection and must metabolically adapt to the energy demands of activation. Here, we found upregulation of the metabolic adaptor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) is a feature of mouse NK cells during murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection in vivo. HIF1α-deficient NK cells failed to control viral load, causing increased morbidity. No defects were found in effector functions of HIF1αKO NK cells; however, their numbers were significantly reduced. Loss of HIF1α did not affect NK cell proliferation during in vivo infection and in vitro cytokine stimulation. Instead, we found that HIF1α-deficient NK cells showed increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bim and glucose metabolism was impaired during cytokine stimulation in vitro. Similarly, during MCMV infection HIF1α-deficient NK cells upregulated Bim and had increased caspase activity. Thus, NK cells require HIF1α-dependent metabolic functions to repress Bim expression and sustain cell numbers for an optimal virus response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.