Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34396553›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical pharmacology2021

Clinical Pharmacology of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Implications for Benefits and Risks in the Promotion of the Combusted Tobacco Endgame.

Neal L Benowitz, Gideon St Helen, Evangelia Liakoni

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Trial
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  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Exploring anabasine excretion factor in individuals who use tobacco cigarettes: a preliminary estimate.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Biomarkers of Exposure to Tobacco-Related Toxicants and Oxidative Stress Among Cancer Survivors.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
    Article
  13. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Neal L BenowitzClinical Pharmacology Research Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2041-8124
Gideon St HelenClinical Pharmacology Research Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5612-6564
Evangelia LiakoniClinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-2239-1378
University of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of Bern · CH

Funding

UCSF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTEUL1RR024131 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JOHNSTON, S. CLAIBORNE · 2006 to 2011
$111.2M
PROJECT 5: IMPACT OF CHANGING TOBACCO PRODUCT USE ON HEALTHCARE COSTS FOR GENERAL AND VULNERABLE POPULATIONSU54HL147127 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ST.HELEN, GIDEON · 2018 to 2022
$20.4M
Clinical Pharmacology of Electronic CigarettesR01DA039264 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BENOWITZ, NEAL L · 2015 to 2021
$4.5M
NCRR NIH HHS NIH/NCRR UL1 RR024131NCRR NIH HHS RR 024131NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024131NHLBI NIH HHS HL 147127NHLBI NIH HHS U54 HL147127NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA039264NIH HHS U54HL147127
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) such as e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products are novel battery-operated devices that deliver nicotine without combustion of tobacco. Because cigarette smoking is sustained by nicotine addiction and the toxic combustion products are mainly responsible for the harmful effects of smoking, ENDS could be used to promote smoking cessation while exposing users to lower levels of toxicants compared with conventional cigarettes. The currently available evidence from clinical and observational studies indicates a potential role of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation aids, although many continue to use e-cigarettes long after quitting smoking. Nicotine and toxicant delivery vary considerably by device and depend on the characteristics of the e-liquid formulation. Because smokers tend to titrate their nicotine intake to maintain their desired pharmacologic effects, device and liquid characteristics need to be considered when using ENDS as an aid to quit smoking. Factors potentially limiting their use are the currently still unknown long-term safety of these products and concerns regarding widespread use among youth. Implications of clinical pharmacology data on ENDS for the cigarette endgame and regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug administration are discussed.

Indexed as

Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsArea Under CurveBrainHumansMetabolic Clearance RateNicotianaNicotinePrevalenceSmoking CessationTobacco Use DisorderUnited StatesUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationNicotinee-cigaretteselectronic nicotine deliveryheat-not-burnnicotinetobacco

Identifiers

PMID34396553
PMCPMC9239851
OpenAlexW3194926886

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.