ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2021
The Burden of and Trends in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the United States, 2006-2016.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel inflammatory indices compared with CRP for diagnosing pelvic inflammatory disease: a case-control study.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- An agent-based platform for simulating the impact of chlamydia vaccine in the US population.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Hip pain level variation in female femoroacetabular impingement syndrome patients in menstrual cycle.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Uncontrolled Diabetes as the Sole Risk Factor in a Rare Candida glabrata Tubo-Ovarian Abscess.Cureus · 2026Article
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Narrative Review of Disparities Between Black and White Women in the United States and Strategies for Improvement.Journal of patient-centered research and reviews · 2026Review
- The Mediating Role of Inflammation in the Association Between NHHR and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Case-Control Study Based on Machine Learning.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Current methods and mechanisms for animal models of pelvic inflammatory disease: a review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Global, Regional and National Burden of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Trend Projections and Health Inequality Analysis, 1990-2021.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Beyond Inflammation: A Comprehensive Outlook on the Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Treatment of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Women's Reproductive Health Conditions and Fertility Goals.Population research and policy review · 2026Article
- Polymicrobial PID Presenting as Primary Peritonitis in a Young Immunocompetent Patient-Case Report and Disease Perspectives.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Gut-reproduction axis: a new perspective on understanding pelvic inflammatory disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Non-Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)-Related Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Temporal Trends and Machine Learning-Based Risk Prediction of Female Infertility: A Cross-Cohort Analysis Using NHANES Data (2015-2023).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Complicated by a Tubo-Ovarian Abscess: A Case Report and Literature Review.Cureus · 2025Article
- The association between dietary fiber intake and pelvic inflammatory disease in women: findings from the NHANES 2015-2018.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Global burden and trends of pelvic inflammatory disease associated with sexually transmitted infection excluding HIV from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- IL-17C is a driver of damaging inflammation during Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection of human Fallopian tube.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Clinical Decision Support System for Guidelines-Based Treatment of Gonococcal Infections, Screening for HIV, and Prescription of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Design and Implementation Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the upper genital tract that has important reproductive consequences to women. We describe the burden of and trends in PID among reproductive-aged women in the United States during 2006-2016.
methodsWe used data from 2 nationally representative probability surveys collecting self-reported PID history (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Survey of Family Growth); 5 datasets containing International Classification of Diseases, Ninth/Tenth Revision codes indicating diagnosed PID (Healthcare Utilization Project; National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, emergency department component; National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey; National Disease Therapeutic Index; MarketScan); and data from a network of sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics (Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Network). Trends during 2006-2016 were estimated overall, by age group and, if available, race/ethnicity, region, and prior STIs.
resultsAn estimated 2 million reproductive-aged women self-reported a history of PID. Three of 4 nationally representative data sources showed overall declines in a self-reported PID history, and PID emergency department and physician office visits, with small increases observed in nearly all data sources starting around 2015.
conclusionsThe burden of PID in the United States is high. Despite declines in burden over time, there is evidence of an increase in recent years.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.