Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34396271›Full record

ArticleJACC. CardioOncology2020

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Aggravates T Cell-Driven Plaque Inflammation in Atherosclerosis.

Kikkie Poels, Mandy M T van Leent, Celine Boutros, Hubert Tissot, Séverine Roy, Anu E Meerwaldt, Yohana C A Toner, Myrthe E Reiche, Pascal J H Kusters, Tsveta Malinova and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JACC. CardioOncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
110citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

110 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Nanomaterials-Based Immunotherapy for Atherosclerosis.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026
    Review
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  8. Article
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  13. Article
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  16. Article
  17. Article
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  19. Article
  20. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and myocardial infarction.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2026
    Review

50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Kikkie PoelsDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Mandy M T van LeentBiomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Celine BoutrosOncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Hubert TissotRadiology Department, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Paris, France.
Séverine RoyOncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Anu E MeerwaldtBiomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Yohana C A TonerBiomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Myrthe E ReicheDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Pascal J H KustersDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Tsveta MalinovaDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Stephan HuveneersDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Audrey E KaufmanBiomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Venkatesh ManiBiomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Zahi A FayadBiomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Menno P J de WintherDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Aurelien MarabelleOncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Willem J M MulderDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Caroline RobertOncology Department, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Tom T P SeijkensDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Esther LutgensDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundImmunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1) and/or CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4) are commonly associated with acute immune-related adverse events. Accumulating evidence also suggests that ICIs aggravate existing inflammatory diseases.

objectivesAs inflammation drives atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, we studied the propensity of short-term ICI therapy to aggravate atherosclerosis.

methodsWe used

resultsICI treatment did not affect

conclusionsThis study demonstrates that combination therapy with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies does not affect myeloid-driven vascular and systemic inflammation in melanoma patients and hyperlipidemic mice. However, short-term ICI therapy in mice induces T cell-mediated plaque inflammation and drives plaque progression.

Indexed as

18F-FDG, 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucoseatherosclerosisCT, computed tomographyCTLA4CVD, cardiovascular diseaseFCA, fibrous cap atheromaICAM, intercellular adhesion moleculeICI, immune checkpoint inhibitorimmune checkpoint inhibitorsinflammationPD-1PET, positron emission tomographyVCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule

Identifiers

PMID34396271
PMCPMC8352210

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.