Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34396107›Full record

ArticleBrain communications2021

Soluble amyloid beta-containing aggregates are present throughout the brain at early stages of Alzheimer's disease.

Dimitrios I Sideris, John S H Danial, Derya Emin, Francesco S Ruggeri, Zengjie Xia, Yu P Zhang, Evgeniia Lobanova, Helen Dakin, Suman De, Alyssa Miller and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Brain communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Membrane Complexity and Phase Behavior Dictate the Stability of Membrane-Inserted AβChemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Chameleonic Nature of Aβ: Implications for Alzheimer's and Other Amyloid Diseases.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Small-diffusible aggregates, plaques, tangles, and dynamic equilibria: Untangling Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Review
  14. Lecanemab preferentially binds to smaller aggregates present at early Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Dimitrios I SiderisYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5233-8845
John S H DanialYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9882-8441
Derya EminYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
Francesco S RuggeriYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
Zengjie XiaYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5977-9691
Yu P ZhangYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
Evgeniia LobanovaYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
Helen DakinYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0571-5892
Suman DeYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
Alyssa MillerYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
Jason C SangYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
Tuomas P J KnowlesYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
Michele VendruscoloYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3616-1610
Graham FraserNeuroscience, Research and Early Development, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK.
Damian CrowtherNeuroscience, Research and Early Development, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK.
David KlenermanYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Protein aggregation likely plays a key role in the initiation and spreading of Alzheimer's disease pathology through the brain. Soluble aggregates of amyloid beta are believed to play a key role in this process. However, the aggregates present in humans are still poorly characterized due to a lack of suitable methods required for characterizing the low concentration of heterogeneous aggregates present. We have used a variety of biophysical methods to characterize the aggregates present in human Alzheimer's disease brains at Braak stage III. We find soluble amyloid beta-containing aggregates in all regions of the brain up to 200 nm in length, capable of causing an inflammatory response. Rather than aggregates spreading through the brain as disease progresses, it appears that aggregation occurs all over the brain and that different brain regions are at earlier or later stages of the same process, with the later stages causing increased inflammation.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s diseaseamyloid beta 42neurodegenerationneuroinflammationsoluble aggregates

Identifiers

PMID34396107
PMCPMC8361392

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.