Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34395166›Full record

ArticleThe Analysis of verbal behavior2021

The Effects of Competing Verbal Behavior on Performance in a Math Task.

Michael J Harman, Tiffany Kodak, Leah Bohl, Theresa Mayland

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Analysis of verbal behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Michael J HarmanBriar Cliff University, Sioux City, IA USA.
Tiffany KodakMarquette University, Milwaukee, WI USA.
Leah BohlUniversity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI USA.
Theresa MaylandUniversity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI USA.
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee · USBriar Cliff University · USMarquette University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effects of an auditory-distractor stimulus and vocal-blocking task on performance on a math task and measures of overt verbal operants. College students served as participants, and they were instructed to solve an arithmetic problem while continuously emitting overt verbal behavior. The overt verbal behavior consisted of either talking aloud while solving the problem or reciting the alphabet. A third condition consisted of playing an auditory-distractor file containing the alphabet during the response interval while participants talked aloud. Data were collected on response accuracy, latency to respond, and frequency of echoic and self-echoic responses emitted during the response interval. The vocal-blocking task significantly affected performance on the math task when visual stimuli were absent. The decrease in performance coincided with significant decreases in participants' mean frequency of echoic and self-echoic responses. In sum, correctly responding to an arithmetic problem was significantly affected by the vocal-blocking task, indicating support for the necessity of verbal mediation during problem solving.

Indexed as

Echoic responseMediating verbal behaviorSelf-echoic response

Identifiers

PMID34395166
PMCPMC8295418
OpenAlexW3175898044

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.