ArticleAfrican health sciences2021
First line antiretroviral treatment failure and associated factors among people living with HIV in northwest Ethiopia.
Article in African health sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Prevalence and predictors of virological failure among the people living with HIV on antiretroviral treatment in East Africa: evidence from a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression of published studies from 2016 to 2023.HIV research & clinical practice · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Incidence, survival, and risk factors for first-line antiretroviral therapy failure among adults on ART follow-up in health facilities in Southwest Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2023: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Prior antiretroviral therapy exposure among clients presenting for HIV treatment initiation in South Africa: an exploratory mixed-methods study using multiple indicators of exposure.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Higher Genotyping Performance of the Applied Biosystems TaqPath Seq HIV-1 Genotyping Kit Against ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping Kit in HIVInfection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Drug-Related Problems in HIV Treatment Failure.Cureus · 2024Article
- Magnitude of Viral Load Suppression and Associated Factors among Clients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Public Hospitals of Hawassa City Administration, Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Non communicable diseases persist despite being overshadowed by Covid-19 globally.African health sciences · 2021Article
- Treatment Outcome, Medication Adherence, and Associated Factors After the Introduction of Dolutegravir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Regimen Among HIV/AIDS Patients in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnti-retroviral treatment enhances the immune status and reduces unwanted outcomes. However, development of treatment failure and drug resistance raises concern over lifelong treatments to chronic diseases such as HIV/AIDS.
objectivesThis study determined proportion of treatment failure (TF) and identified factors associated with TF among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia.
methodsFacility based cross sectional study was carried out from November, 2017 to April, 2018. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using structured questioner. Blood sample was collected and analyzed for viral load, complete blood count (CBC), liver and kidney function test and CD4 count. A patient is declared as treatment failure when viral load value is higher than 1000 RNA copies/ml in two consecutive viral load analyses within three months interval. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. To identify factors associated with TF, logistic regressions model was employed.
resultsA total of 430 people who had six months and above antiretroviral treatment (ART) follow up were enrolled in the study. Of these, 57.9% were females & the mean age was 38 years. The mean month of ART follow up was 83 months. In the first viral load analysis, 106 (24.7%) of the cohort were virologically failed. These failed people were followed for 3 months with intensive adherence support; then second viral load analysis showed a viralogical failure among 65 people of the second cohort. Thus, the overall viralogical failure or TF was 15.1%. The re-suppression rates were 41(38.7%). Male gender, people with history of drug discontinuation, poor adherence, irregular time of drug intake, multiple sexual practice showed significant association with TF. Moreover, base line and current CD4 counts of <200 cells/ml also demonstrated significant association with TF.
conclusionSignificant proportion of treatment failure was reported in the present study. Moreover, behavioral factors such as drug discontinuation, poor adherence, multiple sexual partner were associated with treatment failure. Hence, to avoid TF, regular patient counseling and monitoring should be in place. To identify the predictors for treatment failure, further follow-up study is desirable.
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