ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Diverse Effects of Exosomes on COVID-19: A Perspective of Progress From Transmission to Therapeutic Developments.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed.
- Leukocytic ADAM10 and ADAM17 modulate disease severity and systemic outcome in bacterial and viral pneumonia.The European respiratory journal · 2026Article
- The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles/exosomes on the diabetes: a systematic review study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Nanotechnology in COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis, and treatment: a comprehensive review.Discover nano · 2025Review
- Unveiling the intricacies of exosome biology: from biogenesis to therapeutic applications.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2025Review
- Effect of COVID-19 Infection During Pregnancy on the Plasma/Extracellular Vesicles Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Profile.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Article
- Oncoviral Infections and Small Extracellular Vesicles.Viruses · 2024Review
- Neuropathological findings in Down syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and control patients with and without SARS-COV-2: preliminary findings.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Article
- Cardiac tissue model of immune-induced dysfunction reveals the role of free mitochondrial DNA and the therapeutic effects of exosomes.Science advances · 2024Article
- Exosomes and SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as a Translational Approach for the Treatment of COVID-19 Disease: An Updated Overview.Viruses · 2023Review
- Long-Term Effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brain: Clinical Consequences and Molecular Mechanisms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles of COVID-19 Patients Reflect Inflammation, Thrombogenicity, and Disease Severity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Shedding Lights on the Extracellular Vesicles as Functional Mediator and Therapeutic Decoy for COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Theranostic extracellular vesicles: a concise review of current imaging technologies and labeling strategies.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2023Article
- Article
- The Latest Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of COVID-19 on Non-Lung Organs.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Exosomal transmission of viruses, a two-edged biological sword.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Extracellular Vesicles and Viruses: Two Intertwined Entities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Circulating extracellular particles from severe COVID-19 patients show altered profiling and innate lymphoid cell-modulating ability.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of coronavirus and the causative agent of the current global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are currently no FDA-approved antiviral drugs for COVID-19 and there is an urgent need to develop treatment strategies that can effectively suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection. Numerous approaches have been researched so far, with one of them being the emerging exosome-based therapies. Exosomes are nano-sized, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures, share structural similarities with viruses secreted from all types of cells, including those lining the respiratory tract. Importantly, the interplay between exosomes and viruses could be potentially exploited for antiviral drug and vaccine development. Exosomes are produced by virus-infected cells and play crucial roles in mediating communication between infected and uninfected cells. SARS-CoV-2 modulates the production and composition of exosomes, and can exploit exosome formation, secretion, and release pathways to promote infection, transmission, and intercellular spread. Exosomes have been exploited for therapeutic benefits in patients afflicted with various diseases including COVID-19. Furthermore, the administration of exosomes loaded with immunomodulatory cargo in combination with antiviral drugs represents a novel intervention for the treatment of diseases such as COVID-19. In particular, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used as cell-free therapeutic agents. Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes reduces the cytokine storm and reverse the inhibition of host anti-viral defenses associated with COVID-19 and also enhances mitochondrial function repair lung injuries. We discuss the role of exosomes in relation to transmission, infection, diagnosis, treatment, therapeutics, drug delivery, and vaccines, and present some future perspectives regarding their use for combating COVID-19.
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