SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2021
Healthy Patients Are Not the Best Controls for Microbiome-Based Clinical Studies: Example of Sjögren's Syndrome in a Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coordinated oral-gut microbiota relocation in connective tissue diseases: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Association between primary Sjögren's syndrome and gut microbiota disruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Pooled it
- The Oral Microbiome and Its Role in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review of Big Data Analysis.Frontiers in big data · 2022Pooled it
- [Effects and Mechanisms of Yangyin Yiqi Huoxue Formula on the Oral Microecology in Sjögren's Syndrome Model Mice].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2025Article
- Characteristics of the oral microbiota in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.Clinical rheumatology · 2024Article
- The Spectrum of Extraglandular Manifestations in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Biomolecular Mechanisms of Autoimmune Diseases and Their Relationship with the Resident Microbiota: Friend or Foe?Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2022Review
- High-fat diet-induced intestinal dysbiosis is associated with the exacerbation of Sjogren's syndrome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome in Northern China.PloS one · 2022Article
- Correlation Between Salivary Microbiome of Parotid Glands and Clinical Features in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome and Non-Sjögren's Sicca Subjects.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: It has been hypothesized that gut and oral dysbiosis may contribute to the development of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The aim of this systematic review was to assemble available data regarding the oral and gut microbiota in pSS and to compare them to data from healthy individuals and patients with dry symptoms without a diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome or lupus disease to identify dysbiosis and discuss the results. Methodology: Using the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies that compared the oral and gut microbiota of Sjögren's patients and controls. The PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched. Results: Two-hundred and eighty-nine studies were found, and 18 studies were included: 13 referred to the oral microbiota, 4 referred to the gut microbiota, and 1 referred to both anatomical sites. The most frequent controls were healthy volunteers and patients with sicca symptoms. The most common analysis method used was 16S-targeted metagenomics. The results were mostly heterogeneous, and the results regarding diversity were not always in accordance. Dysbiosis in pSS was not confirmed, and reduced salivary secretion seems to explain more microbial changes than the underlying disease. Conclusion: These heterogeneous results might be explained by the lack of a standardized methodology at each step of the process and highlight the need for guidelines. Our review provides evidence that sicca patients seem to be more relevant than healthy subjects as a control group.
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