ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Macrophage Polarization Modulated by Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Facilitates Bacterial Coinfection.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differentially Expressed miRNAs in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Systematic establishment of approaches to the detection of equine macrophage polarization and their application in pathogenic infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Emerging Challenges and Advances in Porcine Circovirus: A Decade in Review.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
- Retinol binding protein 4 enhances cellular cholesterol uptake to facilitate influenza A virus infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Circovirus Rep evades immune restriction by disrupting cGAS oligomerization and phase separation.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Retinol binding protein 4 restricts PCV2 replication via selective autophagy degradation of viral ORF1 protein.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Lycopene promoted M2 macrophage polarization via inhibition of NOTCH1-PI3K-mTOR-NF-κB-JMJD3-IRF4 pathway in response to Escherichia coli infection in J744A.1 cells.Archives of microbiology · 2024Article
- Recombinant expression and characterization of Canine circovirus capsid protein for diagnosis.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Secondary metabolites ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- KDM6B promotes gastric carcinogenesis and metastasis via upregulation of CXCR4 expression.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- A modular and self-adjuvanted multivalent vaccine platform based on porcine circovirus virus-like nanoparticles.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
- Article
- Pseudorabies virus tegument protein UL13 recruits RNF5 to inhibit STING-mediated antiviral immunity.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Modulation of Macrophage Polarization by Viruses: Turning Off/On Host Antiviral Responses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Bioinformatics analysis of pathways of renal infiltrating macrophages in different renal disease models.Translational andrology and urology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polarization of macrophages to different functional states is important for mounting responses against pathogen infections. Macrophages are the major target cells of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), which is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) leading to immense economic losses in the global swine industry. Clinically, PCV2 is often found to increase risk of other pathogenic infections yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be elusive. Here we found that PCV2 infection skewed macrophages toward a M1 status through reprogramming expression of a subset of M1-associated genes and M2-associated genes. Mechanistically, induction of M1-associated genes by PCV2 infection is dependent on activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways whereas suppression of M2-associated genes by PCV2 is
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.