ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Review: The Nutritional Management of Multiple Sclerosis With Propionate.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids at the Crossroads of Microbiota, Immunometabolism, and Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Plasma short-chain fatty acid concentrations in social anxiety disorder and changes after cognitive behavioral therapy.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Rapid Electrochemical Profiling of Fecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids Using Esterification/Dissociation Fingerprints and Artificial Neural Networks.Biosensors · 2026Article
- Frontier research and clinical application prospects of microbiome biomarkers in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immuno-nutritional therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a translational pathway to multiple sclerosis management.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Elevated propionate and its association with neurological dysfunctions in propionic acidemia.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Oral supplementation with propionate is reflected in the serum of healthy individuals.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Short-chain fatty acids in diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- The gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis varies with disease activity.Genome medicine · 2023Article
- HPLC-MS-MS quantification of short-chain fatty acids actively secreted by probiotic strains.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Risk Factors from Pregnancy to Adulthood in Multiple Sclerosis Outcome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Fatty acids role in multiple sclerosis as "metabokines".Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
- Circulating Memory B Cells in Early Multiple Sclerosis Exhibit Increased IgAFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Fecal microbiota transplantation is safe and tolerable in patients with multiple sclerosis: A pilot randomized controlled trial.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the last 15 years there has been an accumulation of data supporting the concept of a gut-brain axis whereby dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can impact neurological function. Such dysbiosis has been suggested as a possible environmental exposure triggering multiple sclerosis (MS). Dysbiosis has been consistently shown to result in a reduction in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria and a reduction in stool and plasma levels of propionate has been shown for MS patients independent of disease stage and in different geographies. A wealth of evidence supports the action of propionate on T-cell activity, resulting in decreased T-helper cell 1 (Th1) and T-helper cell 17 (Th17) numbers/activity and increased regulatory T cell (Treg cell) numbers/activity and an overall anti-inflammatory profile. These different T-cell populations play various roles in the pathophysiology of MS. A recent clinical study in MS patients demonstrated that supplementation of propionate reduces the annual relapse rate and slows disease progression. This review discusses this data and the relevant mechanistic background and discusses whether taming of the overactive immune system in MS is likely to allow easier bacterial and viral infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.