Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34392761›Full record

SynthesisApplied neuropsychology. Adult

Meta-analysis of Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) FAS performance in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and cognitively unimpaired older adults.

Kacie Bauer, Michael Malek-Ahmadi

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Applied neuropsychology. Adult. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Association between sleep inertia and cognitive performance among older adults in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Utility of a Short-Form Phonemic Fluency Task.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2024
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Kacie BauerDivision of Neurobiology, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8580-8639
Michael Malek-AhmadiBanner Alzheimers Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9901-3650

Funding

Research Education ComponentP30AG019610 · NIA · SUN HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI REIMAN, ERIC MICHAEL · 2001 to 2020
$32.5M
Research Education ComponentP30AG072980 · NIA · BANNER HEALTH · PI Nicholas Ashton · 2021 to 2026
$24.9M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG019610NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072980
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Findings from several studies have shown that amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) older adults have significantly lower performance on phonemic fluency tasks relative to cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults. These findings suggest that nonmemory domains, such as executive function, are impacted in aMCI. As Alzheimer's disease (AD) research has shifted toward identifying and characterizing preclinical AD, there is a need to identify subtle but significant cognitive changes that are below the threshold for clinical impairment. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine phonemic fluency differences between aMCI and CU older adults. Data from 18 studies were included in this analysis that found that aMCI individuals' phonemic fluency performance was approximately seven points lower than CU individuals (Δ = -7.31, 95% CI [-9.10, -5.52],

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCognitive DysfunctionAgedExecutive FunctionHumansNeuropsychological TestsExecutive functionphonemic fluencypreclinical Alzheimer’s diseaseverbal fluency

Identifiers

PMID34392761
PMCPMC11101356

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.