ArticleMolecular oncology2022
Prolonged estrogen deprivation triggers a broad immunosuppressive phenotype in breast cancer cells.
Article in Molecular oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- AI-assisted image analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as a prognostic marker in chemotherapy-naïve luminal breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Striking the right balance with type I interferon signalling in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- ERα blockade in dendritic cells enhances antigen cross-presentation and induces antitumor CD8Nature communications · 2026Article
- Drug Repurposing in Oncology: A Strategic Pathway to Unlocking New Therapeutic Potential.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Review
- Immune evasion driven by lipid metabolic reprogramming in endocrine-resistant HRFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune evasion and resistance in breast cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2025Review
- Sex-specific outcomes in cancer therapy: the central role of hormones.Frontiers in medical technology · 2024Review
- Hormone Receptor Signaling and Breast Cancer Resistance to Anti-Tumor Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- 17-β-estradiol reduces surface PD-L1 expression in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer but not type 1 endometrial cancer cells.Clinical and translational medicine · 2023Article
- Regulation of PD-L1 Expression by Nuclear Receptors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Tamoxifen Modulates the Immune Landscape of the Tumour Microenvironment: The Paired Siglec-5/14 Checkpoint in Anti-Tumour Immunity in an In Vitro Model of Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Tailoring therapies to counter the divergent immune landscapes of breast cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- A chemical screen underscores the essential role of STAT1-dependent IFNγ signaling to regulate HLA-I expression in cancer cells.microPublication biology · 2023Article
- Role of sex and sex hormones in PD-L1 expression in NSCLC: clinical and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Article
- Estrogens, Cancer and Immunity.Cancers · 2022Review
- Selective estrogen receptor modulators contribute to prostate cancer treatment by regulating the tumor immune microenvironment.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Review
- Review
- Effect of Primary Systemic Therapy on PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 mRNA Expression in Advanced Breast Cancer.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2021Article
- Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer Treatment.Iranian biomedical journal · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Among others, expression levels of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) have been explored as biomarkers of the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy. Here, we present the results of a chemical screen that interrogated how medically approved drugs influence PD-L1 expression. As expected, corticosteroids and inhibitors of Janus kinases were among the top PD-L1 downregulators. In addition, we identified that PD-L1 expression is induced by antiestrogenic compounds. Transcriptomic analyses indicate that chronic estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) inhibition triggers a broad immunosuppressive program in ER-positive breast cancer cells, which is subsequent to their growth arrest and involves the activation of multiple immune checkpoints together with the silencing of the antigen-presenting machinery. Accordingly, estrogen-deprived MCF7 cells are resistant to T-cell-mediated cell killing, in a manner that is independent of PD-L1, but which is reverted by estradiol. Our study reveals that while antiestrogen therapies efficiently limit the growth of ER-positive breast cancer cells, they concomitantly trigger a transcriptional program that favors their immune evasion.
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