ReviewCellular microbiology2021
Host manipulation by bacterial type III and type IV secretion system effector proteases.
Review in Cellular microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The microbiota-proteostasis axis: implications in neurodegenerative diseases.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
- Medium dependent factors govern the functionality of engineered type III secretion systems.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Article
- Post-translational weapons of microbial warfare: how bacterial effectors hijack host cell death and xenophagy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- A human gut bacterium antagonizes neighboring bacteria by altering their protein-folding ability.Cell host & microbe · 2025Article
- Cleavage of cell junction proteins as a host invasion strategy in leptospirosis.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Leptospira Leptolysin Contributes to Serum Resistance but Is Not Essential for Acute Infection.Molecular microbiology · 2024Article
- Unconventional structure and mechanisms for membrane interaction and translocation of the NF-κB-targeting toxin AIP56.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Speaking the host language: howMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2023Review
- Evolution and Role of Proteases inBiomolecules · 2023Review
- Primary architecture and energy requirements of Type III and Type IV secretion systems.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Emergence of a Novel NDM-5-Producing Sequence Type 4523 Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain Causing Bloodstream Infection in China.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Peptidomimetics as Potential Anti-Virulence Drugs Against Resistant Bacterial Pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Host manipulation by bacterial type III and type IV secretion system effector proteases.Cellular microbiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Proteases are powerful enzymes, which cleave peptide bonds, leading most of the time to irreversible fragmentation or degradation of their substrates. Therefore they control many critical cell fate decisions in eukaryotes. Bacterial pathogens exploit this power and deliver protease effectors through specialised secretion systems into host cells. Research over the past years revealed that the functions of protease effectors during infection are diverse, reflecting the lifestyles and adaptations to specific hosts; however, only a small number of peptidase families seem to have given rise to most of these protease virulence factors by the evolution of different substrate-binding specificities, intracellular activation and subcellular targeting mechanisms. Here, we review our current knowledge about the enzymology and function of protease effectors, which Gram-negative bacterial pathogens translocate via type III and IV secretion systems to irreversibly manipulate host processes. We highlight emerging concepts such as signalling by protease cleavage products and effector-triggered immunity, which host cells employ to detect and defend themselves against a protease attack. TAKE AWAY: Proteases irreversibly cleave proteins to control critical cell fate decisions. Gram-negative bacteria use type III and IV secretion systems to inject effectors. Protease effectors are integral weapons for the manipulation of host processes. Effectors evolved from few peptidase families to target diverse substrates. Effector-triggered immunity upon proteolytic attack emerges as host defence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.