Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34392445›Full record

SynthesisEuropean journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie2022

Barriers to Trauma Care in South and Central America: a systematic review.

Florence Kinder, Sarah Mehmood, Harry Hodgson, Peter Giannoudis, Anthony Howard

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Management preferences for hip fracture care in Latin America.OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Florence Kinder *LIRRM, Leeds University, Leeds, UK.
Sarah Mehmood *LIRRM, Leeds University, Leeds, UK.
Harry HodgsonLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
Peter GiannoudisLIRRM, Leeds University, Leeds, UK.
Anthony HowardLIRRM, Leeds University, Leeds, UK. anthonyjhoward@aol.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTrauma is widespread in Central and South America and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Providing high quality emergency trauma care is of great importance. Understanding the barriers to care is challenging; this systematic review aims to establish current the current challenges and barriers in providing high-quality trauma care within the 21 countries in the region.

methodsOVID Medline, Embase, EBM reviews and Global Health databases were systematically searched in October 2020. Records were screened by two independent researchers. Data were extracted according to a predetermined proforma. Studies of any type, published in the preceding decade were included, excluding grey literature and non-English records. Trauma was defined as blunt or penetrating injury from an external force. Studies were individually critically appraised and assessed for bias using the RTI item bank.

results57 records met the inclusion criteria. 20 countries were covered at least once. Nine key barriers were identified: training (37/57), resources and equipment (33/57), protocols (29/57), staffing (17/57), transport and logistics (16/57), finance (15/57), socio-cultural (13/57), capacity (9/57), public education (4/57).

conclusionNine key barriers negatively impact on the provision of high-quality trauma care and highlight potential areas for improving care in Central & South America. Many countries in the region, along with rural areas, are under-represented by the current literature and future research is urgently required to assess barriers to trauma management in these countries. No funding was received. CLINICAL

trial registrationPROSPERO CRD42020220380.

Indexed as

Emergency Medical ServicesWounds, PenetratingCentral AmericaHumansQuality of Health CareBarriersHealth Care AccessSouth AmericaTrauma

Identifiers

PMID34392445
PMCPMC9279262

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.