ReviewDiabetologia2021
The legacy effect in diabetes: are there long-term benefits?
Review in Diabetologia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Advanced Glycation End Products Predict Loss of Renal Function and High-Risk Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2022Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness of Highly Effective Glucose-Lowering Agents: Do Current Practices Optimize Clinical and Economic Outcomes?Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Article
- Trained Immunity-Like Memory in Vascular Structural Cells: Metabolic-Epigenetic Reprogramming as a Driving Mechanism of Atherosclerosis and Residual Cardiovascular Risk.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- From glycemic instability to neuropathic risk: a propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Perspectives of Tubular Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease: An Update.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Self-Care Behaviors, Health Indicators, and Quality of Life: A Comprehensive Study in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes: Pathophysiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Relevance.Endocrine reviews · 2025Review
- Striving for early effective glycaemic and weight management in type 2 diabetes: A narrative review.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Deciphering obesity: a conceptual overview and synthesis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Habit-learning and decision-making circuits are susceptible to glycemic variability in type 2 diabetes: a longitudinal study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Prospects for the convergence of polyphenols with pharmaceutical drugs in type 2 diabetes: Challenges, risks, and strategies.Pharmacological reviews · 2025Review
- Are Trends in Economic Modeling of Pediatric Diabetes Mellitus up to Date with the Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Latest Scientific Findings?Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2025Article
- What remains after the money ends? Evidence on whether admission reductions continued following the largest health and social care integration programme in England.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2024Article
- Impact of treatment cessation on incidence and progression of retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study.Diabetology international · 2024Article
- Real-World Use of Oral and Subcutaneous Semaglutide in Routine Clinical Practice in the UK: A Single-Centre, Retrospective Observational Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024Article
- Traditional versus intensive blood glucose control: long-term target range duration and cardiovascular disease risk and all-cause mortality - a real-world cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Methylglyoxal in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Routes Leading to Pathology Counterbalanced by Treatment Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The long-term benefits of early intensive therapy in chronic diseases-the legacy effect.Clinical kidney journal · 2023Review
- Roadmap for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension in the Middle East: Review of the 2022 EVIDENT Summit.Advances in therapy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In this narrative review, we summarise the evidence for and against the glycaemic legacy effect from the long-term follow-up of major diabetes trials and observational cohort studies. We provide a summary of the pathophysiological basis for the legacy effect and discuss some translational research. Results from trials of early diabetes and observational cohort studies suggest that a long-term effect of early glycaemic control exists; however, long-term follow-up from trials in participants with established diabetes is not supportive. Additionally, findings for the legacy effect are more conclusive for microvascular complications than macrovascular events. Overall, these results suggest that the glycaemic legacy effect is a long-term benefit (or risk) conferred to individuals in the early stages of diabetes and which is muted over time as individuals' vasculature changes and they develop complications from diabetes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.