ArticleMolecular immunology2021
Reduction and exhausted features of T lymphocytes under serological changes, and prognostic factors in COVID-19 progression.
Article in Molecular immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Annual SZ: An Alternative Immunotherapy for COVID-19 and Long COVID.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- The underlying mechanism behind the different outcomes of COVID-19 in children and adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Navigating SARS-CoV-2-related immunopathology in Crohn's disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic challenges.Virology journal · 2024Review
- The severity assessment and nucleic acid turning-negative-time prediction in COVID-19 patients with COPD using a fused deep learning model.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Identification and evaluation of candidate COVID-19 critical genes and medicinal drugs related to plasma cells.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- T Lymphocyte Characteristic Changes Under Serum Cytokine Deviations and Prognostic Factors of COVID-19 in Pregnant Women.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Evaluation of changes in exhausted T lymphocytes and miRNAs expression in the different trimesters of pregnancy in pregnant women.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- Integrative single-cell analysis: dissecting CD8 + memory cell roles in LUAD and COVID-19 via eQTLs and Mendelian Randomization.Hereditas · 2024Article
- Prevalence of indeterminate tuberculosis interferon-gamma release assays in COVID-19 patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Health science reports · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV2 infection induce miR-155 expression and skewed Th17/Treg balance by changing SOCS1 level: A clinical study.Cytokine · 2023Article
- Epithelial Galectin-3 Induced the Mitochondrial Complex Inhibition and Cell Cycle Arrest of CD8International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Oxygen Requirement in Overweight/Obese Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19: An Observational Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Potent SARS-CoV2-specific T-cell response in asymptomatic hemodialysis patients with hidden COVID-19 infection history.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2023Article
- Adaptive immune system in severe COVID-19 patients in the first week of illness: A pilot study.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2023Article
- Encephalic nocardiosis after mild COVID-19: A case report.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- The impact of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) extract on activation of endosomal toll like receptors and their downstream signaling pathways.BMC research notes · 2022Article
- Immune checkpoint alterations and their blockade in COVID-19 patients.Blood science (Baltimore, Md.) · 2022Review
- Immune system-related soluble mediators and COVID-19: basic mechanisms and clinical perspectives.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Review
- A comprehensive evaluation of the immune system response and type-I Interferon signaling pathway in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Article
- Serum levels of vitamin D and immune system function in patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care unit.Gene reports · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel viral infection threatening worldwide health as currently there exists no effective treatment strategy and vaccination programs are not publicly available yet. T lymphocytes play an important role in antiviral defenses. However, T cell frequency and functionality may be affected during the disease. MATERIAL AND
methodsTotal blood samples were collected from patients with mild and severe COVID-19, and the total lymphocyte number, as well as CD4+ and CD8 + T cells were assessed using flowcytometry. Besides, the expression of exhausted T cell markers was evaluated. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines were also investigated in the serum of all patients using enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, the obtained results were analyzed along with laboratory serological reports.
resultsCOVID-19 patients showed lymphopenia and reduced CD4+ and CD8 + T cells, as well as high percentage of PD-1 expression by T cells, especially in severe cases. Serum secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) were remarkably increased in patients with severe symptoms, as compared with healthy controls. Moreover, high levels of triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), were correlated with the severity of the disease.
conclusionReduced number and function of T cells were observed in COVID-19 patients, especially in severe patients. Meanwhile, the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was increased as the disease developed. High level of serum IL-2R was also considered as a sign of lymphopenia. Additionally, hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia could be important prognostic factors in determining the severity of the infection.
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