Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34391858›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2022

Big Data Approach to Characterize Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Autism.

Mirko Uljarević, Thomas W Frazier, Booil Jo, Wesley D Billingham, Matthew N Cooper, Eric A Youngstrom, Lawrence Scahill, Antonio Y Hardan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Predictors of Change in Severity of Self-Injurious Behaviors in Preschool-Aged Autistic Children.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026
    Article
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  8. Psychometric evaluation of the Autism Symptom Dimensions Questionnaire.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025
    Article
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  14. Characterizing subdomains of insistence on sameness in autistic youth.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2023
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023
    Review
  17. Profiles of circumscribed interests in autistic youth.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mirko UljarevićFaculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: mirko.uljarevic@unimelb.edu.au.
Thomas W FrazierJohn Carroll University, University Heights, Ohio.
Booil JoStanford University, California.
Wesley D BillinghamUniversity of Western Australia, Perth.
Matthew N CooperUniversity of Western Australia, Perth.
Eric A YoungstromUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Lawrence ScahillEmory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Antonio Y HardanStanford University, California.

Funding

A Big Data Approach Toward the Development of a New Quantitative Measure of Restricted and Repetitive BehaviorsR21MH121876 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI HARDAN, ANTONIO, JO, BOOIL · 2020 to 2021
$434k
NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH121876
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveDespite being a core diagnostic feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), demographic, developmental and clinical correlates of restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRB) remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to utilize the largest available RRB data set to date to provide a comprehensive characterization of how distinct RRB domains vary according to a range of individual characteristics.

methodData were obtained from 17,581 children and adolescents with ASD (mean

resultsMale sex was associated with higher severity of repetitive motor behaviors and restricted interests and with lower severity of compulsions and self-injurious behaviors; no sex differences were found for the insistence on sameness domain. Although repetitive motor behaviors showed a mostly linear (negative) association with age, other RRB domains showed more complex and nonlinear pattern of associations. Higher severity of social and communication impairments provided significant independent contribution in predicting higher severity of all RRB domains at the p < .001 level; however, these effects were small (d < 0.25). The strongest of these effects was observed for insistence on sameness (d = 0.24), followed by repetitive motor behaviors (d = 0.21), compulsions (d = 0.17), restricted interests (d = 0.14), and self-injurious behaviors (d = 0.12).

conclusionFindings reported here provide further evidence that RRB subdomains show a somewhat distinct pattern of associations with demographic, developmental, and clinical variables, with a key implication that separate consideration of these domains can help to facilitate efforts to understand diverse ASD etiology and to inform the design of effective interventions.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderAdolescentBig DataChildCognitionHumansMalecircumscribed interestcompulsionsinsistence on samenessrepetitive motor behaviorself-injurious behaviors

Identifiers

PMID34391858
PMCPMC13687538

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.