ArticleVaccine2021
Enhancing influenza vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy through infection mimicry using silk microneedles.
Article in Vaccine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Emerging and Prospective Engineering Technologies Enabling Microneedle Based Vaccine Therapeutics.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Working towards a single-dose vaccine for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis.Future virology · 2026Article
- Assessing the integrity and mechanical properties of commercial microneedles: innovation or fad?Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Microneedle delivery systems for vaccines and immunotherapy.Smart molecules : open access · 2025Review
- Transdermal delivery of PeptiCRAd cancer vaccine using microneedle patches.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Compliant immune response of silk-based biomaterials broadens application in wound treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Advancing immunotherapy using biomaterials to control tissue, cellular, and molecular level immune signaling in skin.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- Separable and Inseparable Silk Fibroin Microneedles for the Transdermal Delivery of Colchicine: Development, Characterization, and Comparisons.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2023Article
- Exploiting Unique Features of Microneedles to Modulate Immunity.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2023Review
- Dissolving and Swelling Hydrogel-Based Microneedles: An Overview of Their Materials, Fabrication, Characterization Methods, and Challenges.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Optimization of an alum-anchored clinical HIV vaccine candidate.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Microneedle-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Recent Updates in Vaccine Delivery through Microneedles.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2023Article
- Prolonging the delivery of influenza virus vaccine improves the quantity and quality of the induced immune responses in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Beneath the Skin: A Review of Current Trends and Future Prospects of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Microneedle-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Drug-Carrying Nanoparticles.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Microneedle arrays integrated with living organisms for smart biomedical applications.Theranostics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Traditional bolus vaccine administration leads to rapid clearance of vaccine from lymphoid tissue. However, there is increasing evidence suggesting that the kinetics of antigen delivery can impact immune responses to vaccines, particularly when tailored to mimic natural infections. Here, we present the specific enhancements sustained release immunization confers to seasonal influenza vaccine, including the magnitude, durability, and breadth of humoral responses. To achieve sustained vaccine delivery kinetics, we have developed a microneedle array patch (MIMIX), with silk fibroin-formulated vaccine tips designed to embed in the dermis after a short application to the skin and release antigen over 1-2 weeks, mimicking the time course of a natural influenza infection. In a preclinical murine model, a single influenza vaccine administration via MIMIX led to faster seroconversion, response-equivalence to prime-boost bolus immunization, higher HAI titers against drifted influenza strains, and improved protective efficacy upon lethal influenza challenge when compared with intramuscular injection. These results highlight infection mimicry, achieved through sustained release silk microneedles, as a powerful approach to improve existing seasonal influenza vaccines, while also suggesting the broader potential of this platform technology to enable more efficacious next-generation vaccines and vaccine combinations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.