ReviewArthritis research & therapy2021
The role of lung ultrasound B-lines and serum KL-6 in the screening and follow-up of rheumatoid arthritis patients for an identification of interstitial lung disease: review of the literature, proposal for a preliminary algorithm, and clinical application to cases.
Review in Arthritis research & therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Detection of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Serum KL-6 and the mortality of patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: A meta-analysis.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2024Pooled it
- Mammalian Neuraminidases in Immune-Mediated Diseases: Mucins and Beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Diagnostic performance of lung ultrasound B-lines and serum KL-6 in detecting Sjögren's disease-related interstitial lung diseases.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Observational
- Explainable machine learning-based mortality prediction in critically ill patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated lung disease: a radiomics and clinical data integration study.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Early detection of RA‑ILD-A novel screening protocol with pulmonary function testing and lung ultrasound : A monocentric cohort study.Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2026Article
- Advances in the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: Integrating Conventional Tools and Emerging Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A multi-biomarker machine learning approach for early prediction of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical variables and lung ultrasonography for the screening of interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of silicosis: a case-control study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- The diagnostic utility of lung ultrasound in the assessment of interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Article
- Serum Biomarkers of Pulmonary Damage and Risk for Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.The Journal of rheumatology · 2025Article
- Association between rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease and impact of serologic status: a large-scale longitudinal study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Research progress on complications of rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Identifying KL-6-Associated Immune Cell Signatures and Key Genes in Emphysematous COPD.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Shared immunological pathways in rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A correlation study of serum tumor markers with systemic lupus erythematosus-associated interstitial lung disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The Value of NLR and PLR in the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Combined with Interstitial Lung Disease and Assessment of Treatment Effect: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic utility of serial KL-6 measurements in connective tissue disease patients at risk for interstitial lung disease: correlations with pulmonary function tests and high-resolution computed tomography.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Screening and follow-up of interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA-ILD) is a challenge in clinical practice. In fact, the majority of RA-ILD patients are asymptomatic and optimal tools for early screening and regular follow-up are lacking. Furthermore, some patients may remain oligosymptomatic despite significant radiological abnormalities. In RA-ILD, usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is the most frequent radiological and pathological pattern, associated with a poor prognosis and a high risk to develop acute exacerbations and infections. If RA-ILD can be identified early, there may be an opportunity for an early treatment and close follow-up that might delay ILD progression and improve the long-term outcome.In connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD), lung ultrasound (LUS) with the assessment of B-lines and serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 antigen (KL-6) has been recognized as sensitive biomarkers for the early detection of ILD. B-line number and serum KL-6 level were found to correlate with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and other clinical parameters in systemic sclerosis-associated ILD (SSc-ILD). Recently, the significant correlation between B-lines and KL-6, two non-ionizing and non-invasive biomarkers, was demonstrated. Hence, the combined use of LUS and KL-6 to screen and follow up ILD in RA patients might be useful in clinical practice in addition to existing tools. Herein, we review relevant literature to support this concept, propose a preliminary screening algorithm, and present 2 cases where the algorithm was used.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.