ArticleParasites & vectors2021
Equine attachment site preferences and seasonality of common North American ticks: Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor albipictus, and Ixodes scapularis.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of questing activity by four tick species in the central Great Plains.PloS one · 2026Article
- First transcriptome analysis of the winter tick (Dermacentor albipictus) reveals sex-specific expression patterns and potential targets for genetic control.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Seasonal infestation patterns of ticks on Hokkaido sika deer (Parasitology · 2024Article
- Human risk to tick encounters in the southeastern United States estimated with spatial distribution modeling.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Seasonality ofVector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- Human attachment site preferences of ticks parasitizing in New York.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A Review of CommercialInsects · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundTicks are common on horses, but recent publications characterizing equine tick infestations in North America are lacking.
methodsTo further understand attachment site preferences of common ticks of horses, and to document the seasonality of equine tick infestation in northeastern Oklahoma, horses from eight farms were evaluated twice a month over a 1-year period. Each horse was systematically inspected beginning at the head and moving caudally to the tail. Attachment sites of ticks were recorded and all ticks collected were identified to species and stage.
resultsHorses (26 males and 62 females) enrolled in the study ranged in age from 1 to 23 years (mean = 12, 95% CI 11-13). A total of 2731 ticks were collected; 84.1% (74/88) of the horses were infested (median = 3 ticks) at one or more examinations. Five tick species were identified, including Amblyomma americanum (78.2%; 2136/2731), Ixodes scapularis (18.2%; 497/2731), Dermacentor albipictus brown variant (2.6%; 71/2731), Dermacentor variabilis (0.7%; 20/2731), and Amblyomma maculatum (0.3%; 7/231). Most ticks were adults (83.6%; 2282/2731), but immature A. americanum (436/2136; 20.4%), D. albipictus (12/71; 16.9%), and A. maculatum (n = 1) were occasionally recovered. Amblyomma americanum were most often attached to the inguinal area, and I. scapularis and D. albipictus were most commonly found on the chest and axillary region (P < 0.0001). Ticks were found on horses in every month of the year. The largest number of ticks (638/2731; 23.4%) were collected in May (P < 0.0001). Amblyomma americanum, primarily immature, was the only tick recovered in September, I. scapularis and D. albipictus predominated October through February, and both A. americanum and I. scapularis were common in March. In the warmer months, April through August, A. americanum was the most common tick, followed by D. variabilis and A. maculatum.
conclusionsThis research confirms that ticks common on horses in North America have attachment site preferences and that ticks infest horses in Oklahoma throughout the year, including during the winter. Additional research is warranted to fully understand the risk these infestations pose to equine health.
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