Observational studyAdvances in therapy2021
Real-World Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among HIV-1 Patients Across the United States.
Observational study in Advances in therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- What leads to treatment failure among people living with HIV: first systematic review from the middle east and North Africa.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine versus standard oral antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of multiple-behavior HIV interventions as a function of regional disadvantages: An analysis of syndemics.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Exploring Preferences, Concerns, and Implementation of Different Long-Acting Antiretroviral Strategies for Youth with HIV Facing Adherence Challenges.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2025Trial
- A Remote Intervention Based on mHealth and Community Health Workers for Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in People With HIV: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide versus dolutegravir-based three-drug regimens in people with HIV with varying adherence to antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of an mHealth self-management intervention for persons living with HIV: the WiseApp randomized clinical trial.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2023Trial
- Large language model-based triage to identify antiretroviral therapy adherence barriers and risk levels in patient messages.JAMIA open · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics, Healthcare Utilization, and Treatment Patterns Among People Living with HIV by Antiretroviral Therapy Use in the USA, 2021-2024.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with ART Adherence and Sustained Viral Suppression Among US Young Adults with HIV, 2015-2022.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Prevalence of and Time to Suboptimal Treatment Patterns Among People with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2026Observational
- Antiretroviral resistance in at least second-line HIV-1 treatment virologic failure with common InSTI-based regimens.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Real-world adherence, persistence, and health care resource utilization among people with HIV receiving long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine compared with oral antiretroviral therapy in the United States: The ABOVE Study.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Age Acceleration Is Associated With HIV Infection Independently of Inflammation.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Factors Associated with Non-Adherence To Anti-retroviral Therapy among People Living with HIV.Journal of community health · 2026Article
- Burden of comorbid disease, treatment, and healthcare utilization among people with HIV: A retrospective, cross-sectional study from a large healthcare organization.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Evaluating the relationship between adherence to antiretroviral therapy and health-related quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in Northwestern Nigeria.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Effects of an Internet of Things-Based Medication Assistance System on Real-World ART Adherence and Treatment Response in People Living with HIV.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association Between Medicaid Prescription Drug Caps And Antiretroviral Adherence Among People Living With HIV.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2025Article
- Eligibility and factors associated with long-acting injectable cabotegravir-rilpivirine initiation in an urban academic HIV clinic.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionRecent changes in antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) may have affected medication adherence of people living with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). In this study adherence to ART regimens among patients with HIV-1 (PWH) across the US during a recent time period was examined and study findings were stratified by US region and state.
methodsA retrospective observational study using the Symphony Health Solution Integrated Dataverse database was conducted. Patients ≥ 18 years of age who had a diagnosis of HIV-1 (without an HIV-2 diagnosis) and who were treated with ART between July 2017 and September 2018 (first pharmacy record: index date) were selected from the data source. Both patients who had not been previously treated with ART and those who were treatment experienced were included. Patients were required to have ≥ 1 medical/pharmacy record ≥ 12 months after their index date (follow-up period). Patient characteristics were examined during a 12-month pre-index period. During the follow-up, medication adherence, measured as the proportion of days covered (PDC), was examined for all patients and stratified by US region and state.
resultsAmong 206,474 adult PWH treated with ART, mean age was 47.9 years, 73.4% were male, and 30.0% were Caucasian. The most prevalent comorbid conditions were hyperlipidemia (25.1%), depressive disorders (14.8%), and type 2 diabetes (12.1%). During the follow-up period, mean (standard deviation) PDC was 74.1% (25.9%) among PWH across the US [Midwest: 74.4% (25.5%); Northeast: 74.3% (26.1%); South: 73.2% (26.3%); West: 76.4% (24.8%)]. Across all US regions, > 60% of PWH had adherence < 90% and > 40% had adherence < 80%; the West had the highest adherent population.
conclusionsAmong PWH treated with ART across the US, a majority had suboptimal adherence. Implementation of strategies to improve ART adherence, including clinical consideration of ARTs with high genetic barriers to resistance, is needed in the US.
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