Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34389845›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022

Excess Invasive Meningococcal Disease Associated With Seasonal Influenza, South Africa, 2003-2018.

Susan Meiring, Stefano Tempia, Emanuel M Dominic, Linda de Gouveia, Jo McAnerney, Anne von Gottberg, Cheryl Cohen

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.1field-weighted citation impact, top 50% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Susan MeiringDivision of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Stefano TempiaSchool of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Emanuel M DominicSouth African DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
Linda de GouveiaCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Jo McAnerneyCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Anne von GottbergCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Cheryl CohenSchool of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
National Health Laboratory Service · ZAUniversity of the Witwatersrand · ZAStellenbosch University · ZA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInvasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a devastating illness with high mortality rates. Like influenza, endemic IMD is seasonal, peaking in winter. Studies suggest that circulation of influenza virus may influence the timing and magnitude of IMD winter peaks.

methodsThis ecological study used weekly data from 2 nationwide surveillance programs: Viral Watch (proportion of outpatient influenza-positive cases from throat or nasal swab samples) and GERMS-SA (laboratory-confirmed cases of IMD), occurring across South Africa from 2003 through 2018 in all age bands. A bivariate time series analysis using wavelet transform was conducted to determine cocirculation of the diseases and the time lag between the peak seasons. We modeled excess meningococcal disease cases attributable to influenza cocirculation, using univariate regression spline models. Stata and R statistical software packages were used for the analysis.

resultsA total of 5256 laboratory-confirmed IMD cases were reported, with an average annual incidence of 0.23 episodes per 100 000 population and a mean seasonal peak during week 32 (±3 weeks). Forty-two percent of swab samples (10 421 of 24 741) were positive for influenza during the study period. The mean peak for all influenza occurred at week 26 (±4 weeks). There was an average lag time of 5 weeks between annual influenza and IMD seasons. Overall, 5% (1%-9%) of IMD cases can be attributable to influenza cocirculation, with, on average, 17 excess IMD cases per year attributable to influenza.

conclusionsA quantifiable proportion of IMD in South Africa is associated with influenza cocirculation; therefore, seasonal influenza vaccination may have an effect on preventing a small portion of IMD in addition to preventing influenza.

Indexed as

Influenza, HumanMeningococcal InfectionsMeningococcal VaccinesNeisseria meningitidisHumansSeasonsSouth AfricaMeningococcal Vaccinesattributable fractioninfluenzameningococcusNeisseria meningitidisseasonal influenza

Identifiers

PMID34389845
PMCPMC9155629
OpenAlexW3188388998

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.