ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology2021
The therapeutic potential of apelin in kidney disease.
Review in Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating levels of visfatin and apelin as biomarkers in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Organokines in COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Cells · 2023Pooled it
- Bioequivalence and Food Effect Assessment of Two Fixed-Dose Combination Formulations of Telmisartan-Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets in Chinese Healthy Subjects.Clinical and translational science · 2025Trial
- Cardiovascular and renal effects of apelin in chronic kidney disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- PLIN5 Protects Against Ang II-Induced Podocyte Lipotoxicity by Interacting With FKBP8 and Preserving Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Contact.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXXI. Apelin receptor pharmacology in the human cardiovascular system and emerging clinical applications.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Dynamic monomer-dimer transition in ligand-induced apelin receptor activation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Gastric and Small-Intestinal Morphological Remodeling After Intragastric Apelin-13 Administration in Unweaned Rats.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Review
- The Apelinergic System in Kidney Disease: Novel Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Single-Cell Dissection of the Biological Function and Molecular Features Underlying the Micropeptide LSMEM1 in Kidney.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Apelin-13 exerts protective effects against acute kidney injury by lysosomal function regulation.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Role of Peptides in Skeletal Muscle Wasting: A Scoping Review.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Targeting APJ drives BNIP3-PINK1-PARKIN induced mitophagy and improves systemic inflammatory bone loss.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Crosstalk between perivascular adipose tissue and adipocyte-derived peptide in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Review
- Microenvironmental determinants of endothelial cell heterogeneity.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Cxcl9 modulates aging associated microvascular metabolic and angiogenic dysfunctions in subcutaneous adipose tissue.Angiogenesis · 2025Article
- Liver B Cells Promotes MASLD Progression via the Apelin/APLNR System.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Risk prediction of kidney function in long-term kidney transplant recipients.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Insights into the effects of apelin-13 on renal function and NHE3 activity following ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality and is independently associated with cardiovascular disease. The mainstay of treatment for CKD is blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which reduces blood pressure and proteinuria and slows kidney function decline. Despite this treatment, many patients progress to kidney failure, which requires dialysis or kidney transplantation, and/or die as a result of cardiovascular disease. The apelin system is an endogenous physiological regulator that is emerging as a potential therapeutic target for many diseases. This system comprises the apelin receptor and its two families of endogenous ligands, apelin and elabela/toddler. Preclinical and clinical studies show that apelin receptor ligands are endothelium-dependent vasodilators and potent inotropes, and the apelin system has a reciprocal relationship with the RAAS. In preclinical studies, apelin regulates glomerular haemodynamics and acts on the tubule to promote aquaresis. In addition, apelin is protective in several kidney injury models. Although the apelin system has not yet been studied in patients with CKD, the available data suggest that apelin is a promising potential therapeutic target for kidney disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.