ReviewExperimental gerontology2021
Time-efficient, high-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training for cardiovascular aging.
Review in Experimental gerontology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inspiratory muscle training and cardiac autonomic function in healthy adults: a systematic review of acute and chronic responses.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of exercise training on quality of life in people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis. A systematic review with meta-analysis.Journal of nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- A hypotensive protocol of inspiratory muscle strength training: Systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of the effects of inspiratory muscle strength training and aerobic exercise training on vascular function in patients with hypertension.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Time-efficient, high-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training increases cerebrovascular reactivity in midlife and older adults.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2023Trial
- A multi-trial, retrospective analysis of the antihypertensive effects of high-resistance, low-volume inspiratory muscle strength training.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2022Trial
- The Role of Muscle Strength, Physical Activity, Perceived Stress, and Sleep Quality in Patients with Hypertension.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Short-term high-intensity resistance training: a feasibility study on pulmonary, immune and physical-functional fitness benefits for older adults with metabolic syndrome.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Inspiratory Muscle Training Included in Therapeutic and Training Regimens for Middle-Distance Runners.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- High-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training: a promising strategy for improving vascular health in chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Type 2 diabetes is linked to higher physiologic markers of effort during exercise.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2024Article
- Aging, aerobic exercise, and cardiovascular health: Barriers, alternative strategies and future directions.Experimental gerontology · 2023Review
- Translational Potential of High-Resistance Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training.Exercise and sport sciences reviews · 2022Article
- Inspiratory muscle strength training for lowering blood pressure and improving endothelial function in postmenopausal women: comparison with "standard of care" aerobic exercise.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Promoting healthy cardiovascular aging: emerging topics.The journal of cardiovascular aging · 2022Article
- Six Months of Inspiratory Muscle Training to Lower Blood Pressure and Improve Endothelial Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Above-Normal Blood Pressure and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Protocol for the CHART Clinical Trial.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in developed and developing societies and aging is the primary risk factor for CVD. Much of the increased risk of CVD in midlife/older adults (i.e., adults aged 50 years and older) is due to increases in blood pressure, vascular endothelial dysfunction and stiffening of the large elastic arteries. Aerobic exercise training is an effective lifestyle intervention to improve CV function and decrease CVD risk with aging. However, <40% of midlife/older adults meet guidelines for aerobic exercise, due to time availability-related barriers and other obstacles to adherence. Therefore, there is a need for new lifestyle interventions that not only improve CV function with aging but also promote adherence. High-resistance inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) is an emerging, time-efficient (5 min/day) lifestyle intervention. Early research suggests high-resistance IMST may promote adherence, lower blood pressure and potentially improve vascular endothelial function. However, additional investigation will be required to more definitively establish high-resistance IMST as a healthy lifestyle intervention for CV aging. This review will summarize the current evidence on high-resistance IMST for improving CV function with aging and will identify key research gaps and future directions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.