ReviewSeminars in hematology2021
Iron metabolism in infections: Focus on COVID-19.
Review in Seminars in hematology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Iron dysregulation in COVID-19 and reciprocal evolution of SARS-CoV-2: Natura nihil frustra facit.Journal of cellular biochemistry · 2022Pooled it
- Circulating trace elements status in COVID-19 disease: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Hepcidin-Mediated Iron Dysmetabolism and COVID-19 Severity: A Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of nutrition on long COVID.Sports medicine and health science · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Nutritional Immunity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Iron deficiency and vaccine efficacy: A mini-review of immunological interplay and evidence across vaccine types.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Non-apoptotic caspase-8 is critical for orchestrating exaggerated inflammation during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Association of Markers of iron Metabolism with Mucormycosis: A Case Control Study.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2025Article
- High Concentration of Iron Ions Contributes to Ferroptosis-Mediated Testis Injury.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- A Brief History of Ferritin, an Ancient and Versatile Protein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Cardiovascular Comorbidities in COVID-19: Comprehensive Analysis of Key Topics.Interactive journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Analysis of Ferritin, Hepcidin, Zinc, C-Reactive Protein and IL-6 Levels in COVID-19 in Patients Living at Different Altitudes in Peru.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Alterations of iron homeostasis as a potential druggable driver of long COVID.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- The effects of iron deficient and high iron diets on SARS-CoV-2 lung infection and disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Immunometabolism of ferroptosis in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Bleeding Complications in COVID-19 Critically Ill ARDS Patients Receiving VV-ECMO Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Effects of Iron-Peptides Chelate Nanoliposomes on Iron Supplementation in Rats.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Persistent Symptoms and IFN-γ-Mediated Pathways after COVID-19.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Association between iron metabolism and SARS-COV-2 infection, determined by ferritin, hephaestin and hypoxia-induced factor-1 alpha levels in COVID-19 patients.Molecular biology reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Iron is a micronutrient essential for a wide range of metabolic processes in virtually all living organisms. During infections, a battle for iron takes place between the human host and the invading pathogens. The liver peptide hepcidin, which is phylogenetically and structurally linked to defensins (antimicrobial peptides of the innate immunity), plays a pivotal role by subtracting iron to pathogens through its sequestration into host cells, mainly macrophages. While this phenomenon is well studied in certain bacterial infections, much less is known regarding viral infections. Iron metabolism also has implications on the functionality of cells of the immune system. Once primed by the contact with antigen presenting cells, lymphocytes need iron to sustain the metabolic burst required for mounting an effective cellular and humoral response. The COVID-19 pandemic has boosted an amount of clinical and translational research over the possible influences of nutrients on SARS-CoV-2 infection, in terms of either susceptibility or clinical course. Here we review the intersections between iron metabolism and COVID-19, belonging to the wider domain of the so-called "nutritional immunity". A better understanding of such connections has potential broad implications, either from a mechanistic standpoint, or for the development of more effective strategies for managing COVID-19 and possible future pandemics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.