SynthesisReproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E2021
What is the impact of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in subcutaneous injection or intrauterine infusion and during both the fresh and frozen embryo transfer cycles on recurrent implantation failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis?
Synthesis in Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Mitigating the Risk of Recurrent Miscarriages: A Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for recurrent embryo implantation failure: An umbrella review.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Pooled it
- The value of G-CSF in women experienced at least one implantation failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- The landscape of recurrent spontaneous abortion registered on clinical trials.gov.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for infertility undergoing IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2023Pooled it
- Optimizing the Endometrial Factor in Recurrent Implantation Failure: From Established Diagnostics to Mechanism-Informed Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Patient-derived decidual organoids reveal rhG-CSF-associated protective responses involving JAK2/STAT3 signaling in recurrent spontaneous abortion.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- The Role of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Endometrial Preparation for Embryo Implantation in In Vitro Fertilization.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for recurrent implantation failure: the results of a 5-years cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Article
- The Effect of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Endometrial Receptivity of Implantation Failure Mouse.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Effects of different granulocyte colony stimulating factor regimens on patients with euploid embryo transfer in recurrent implantation failure.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- The Efficiency of Introducing Intrauterine Infusion of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma versus Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Repeated Implantation Failure Patients: An Unblinded Randomised Clinical Trial.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2024Article
- Feasible Influence of G-CSF on Clinical Pregnancy Outcome in Oocyte Donation Cycles for Patients with Recurrent Implantation Failure.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Aberrant NK cell profile in gestational diabetes mellitus with fetal growth restriction.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Good practice recommendations on add-ons in reproductive medicine†.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Immune Cell Functionality during Decidualization and Potential Clinical Application.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- ESHRE good practice recommendations on recurrent implantation failure.Human reproduction open · 2023Article
- Molecular Clues to Understanding Causes of Human-Assisted Reproduction Treatment Failures and Possible Treatment Options.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAmong recurrent implantation failure (RIF) patients, the rate of successful implantation remains relatively low due to the complex etiology of the condition, including maternal, embryo and immune factors. Effective treatments are urgently needed to improve the outcomes of embryo transfer for RIF patients. In recent years, many researchers have focused on immunotherapy using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to regulate the immune environment. However, the study of the G-CSF for RIF patients has reached conflicting conclusions. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to further explore the effects of G-CSF according to embryo transfer cycle (fresh or frozen) and administration route (subcutaneous injection or intrauterine infusion) among RIF patients.
methodThe PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched for literature published from the initial to October 2020. The meta-analysis, random-effects model and heterogeneity of the studies with I
resultsA total of 684 studies were obtained through the databases mentioned above. Nine RCTs included 976 RIF patients were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis indicated that G-CSF improved the clinical pregnancy rate for both the fresh and frozen embryo transfer cycles (fresh RR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.27-2.37, I
conclusionThe administration of G-CSF via either subcutaneous injection or intrauterine infusion and during both the fresh and frozen embryo transfer cycles for RIF patients can improve the clinical pregnancy rate. However, whether G-CSF is effective in improving livebirth rates of RIF patients is still uncertain, continued research on the utilization and effectiveness of G-CSF is recommended before G-CSF can be considered mainstream treatment for RIF patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.