Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34388367›Full record

ReviewInfant behavior & development2021

Acquiring verbal reference: The interplay of cognitive, linguistic, and general learning capacities.

Elena Luchkina, Sandra Waxman

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Infant behavior & development, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Talking About the Absent and the Abstract: Referential Communication in Language and Gesture.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2024
    Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Elena LuchkinaDepartment of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Institute of Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States. Electronic address: elena.luchkina@northwestern.edu.
Sandra WaxmanDepartment of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Institute of Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.

Funding

Linking language and cognition in infancy: Entry points and developmental changeR01HD083310 · NICHD · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY · PI WAXMAN, SANDRA R · 2015 to 2019
$2.7M
Developmental origins and downstream consequences of abstract verbal referenceF32HD104408 · NICHD · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY · PI LUCHKINA, ELENA · 2021 to 2023
$150k
NICHD NIH HHS F32 HD104408NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD083310
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Verbal reference is the ability to use language to communicate about objects, events, or ideas, even if they are not witnessed directly, such as past events or faraway places. It rests on a three-way link between words, their referents, and mental representations of those referents. A foundational human capacity, verbal reference extends the communicative power of language beyond the here-and-now, enabling access to language-mediated learning and thus fueling cognitive development. In the current review, we consider how and when verbal reference develops. The existing literature suggests that verbal reference emerges around infants' first birthdays and becomes increasingly robust by their second. In discussing the powerful developmental advantages of acquiring verbal reference we propose that this achievement requires a dynamic interplay among infants' cognitive and language development, fueled by general learning capacities. We close by describing new research directions, aimed at advancing our understanding of how verbal reference emerges.

Indexed as

LanguageLanguage DevelopmentCognitionCommunicationHumansInfantLinguisticsVerbal LearningInfancyLanguage acquisitionVerbal referenceWord learning

Identifiers

PMID34388367
PMCPMC9060423

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.