ArticlePediatric pulmonology2021
Genes, environment, and developmental timing: New insights from translational approaches to understand early origins of respiratory diseases.
Article in Pediatric pulmonology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Epigenetic programming in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a framework linking early-life exposures to persistent lung disease-a narrative review.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- High TSLP responses in the human infant airways are associated with pre-activated airway epithelial IFN antiviral immunity.Immunology · 2025Article
- Effects of maternal edible THC consumption on offspring lung growth and function in a rhesus macaque model.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Article
- Multi-omic factors associated with future wheezing in infants.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Long-term effects of wildfire smoke exposure during early life on the nasal epigenome in rhesus macaques.Environment international · 2022Article
- Airway Wall Remodeling in Childhood Asthma-A Personalized Perspective from Cell Type-Specific Biology.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Over the past decade, "omics" approaches have advanced our understanding of the molecular programming of the airways in humans. Several studies have identified potential molecular mechanisms that contribute to early life epigenetic reprogramming, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and the homeostasis of the respiratory mucosa (epithelial function and microbiota). Current evidence supports the notion that early infancy is characterized by heightened susceptibility to airway genetic reprogramming in response to the first exposures in life, some of which can have life-long consequences. Here, we summarize and analyze the latest insights from studies that support a novel epigenetic paradigm centered on human maturational and developmental programs including three cardinal elements: genes, environment, and developmental timing. The combination of these factors is likely responsible for the functional trajectory of the respiratory system at the molecular, functional, and clinical levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.