ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2022
Racial/ethnic disparities in wait-list outcomes are only partly explained by socioeconomic deprivation among children awaiting liver transplantation.
Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Health advocates to address social adversity in pediatric liver transplantation: A clinical trial.Hepatology communications · 2026Trial
- MELD and the Risk of Mortality Between Black and White Patients with Advanced Fibrosis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Characterizing Barriers to Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Pediatric Recipients: Qualitative Results from the SOCIAL-Tx Study.The Journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Material economic hardships are associated with second-year hospitalizations after pediatric liver transplantation: Results from the SOCIAL-Tx study.Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society · 2026Article
- Early Living Donor Liver Transplant Is Associated With Improved Graft- and Patient-Survival Outcomes in Children With Biliary Atresia.Pediatric transplantation · 2026Article
- Racial Disparities in Pediatric Patients With Cholestatic Liver Disease Undergoing Liver Transplant: A UNOS Database Study.Pediatric transplantation · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Outcomes in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.The Journal of surgical research · 2026Article
- Racial Disparities in Pediatric Intestinal Transplant Wait-List Times Are Not Explained by Socioeconomic Measures.Pediatric transplantation · 2025Article
- Implementation of Comprehensive Surgical Guidelines for Hepatoblastoma: Analysis of the Children's Oncology Group AHEP0731 Phase III Trial.Annals of surgery · 2025Article
- Coproducing a health advocate intervention for pediatric liver transplant recipients using a human-centered design.Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society · 2025Article
- Developing and Validating Machine Learning-Driven Risk Indices to Predict Patient Dropout During Referral, Evaluation, and Waitlisting for Kidney Transplant.Clinical transplantation · 2025Article
- Material economic hardships are associated with adverse 1-year outcomes after pediatric liver transplantation: Prospective cohort results from the multicenter SOCIAL-Tx Study.Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society · 2025Observational
- Incidence and survival of pediatric and adult hepatocellular carcinoma, United States, 2001-2020.Cancer epidemiology · 2024Article
- The influence of neighborhood income on healthcare utilization in pediatric liver transplant.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2024Article
- Incidence and survival of pediatric and adult hepatocellular carcinoma, United States, 2001-2020.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Ambient air pollution is associated with graft failure/death in pediatric liver transplant recipients.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Observational
- Association of state Medicaid expansion policies with pediatric liver transplant outcomes.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Article
- Individual-level social determinants of health and disparities in access to kidney transplant and waitlist mortality.PloS one · 2024Article
- The impact of socioeconomic deprivation on liver transplantation.Frontiers in transplantation · 2024Review
- Racial Equity in Living Donor Kidney Transplant Centers, 2008-2018.JAMA network open · 2023Article
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Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsRacial/ethnic minority children have worse liver transplant (LT) outcomes. We evaluated whether neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation affected associations between race/ethnicity and wait-list mortality. APPROACH AND
resultsWe included children (age <18) listed 2005-2015 in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. We categorized patients as non-Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic, and other. We matched patient ZIP codes to a neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation index (range, 0-1; higher values indicate worse deprivation). Primary outcomes were wait-list mortality, defined as death/delisting for too sick, and receipt of living donor liver transplant (LDLT). Competing risk analyses modeled the association between race/ethnicity and wait-list mortality, with deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) and LDLT as competing risks, and race/ethnicity and LDLT, with wait-list mortality and DDLT as competing risks. Of 7716 children, 17% and 24% identified as Black and Hispanic, respectively. Compared to White children, Black and Hispanic children had increased unadjusted hazard of wait-list mortality (subhazard ratio [sHR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.18, 1.75 and sHR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.25, 1.76, respectively). After adjusting for neighborhood deprivation, insurance, and listing laboratory Model for End-Stage Liver Disease/Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease, Black and Hispanic children did not have increased hazard of wait-list mortality (sHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.91, 1.39 and sHR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00, 1.47, respectively). Similarly, Black and Hispanic children had a decreased likelihood of LDLT (sHR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.45, 0.75 and sHR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.49, 0.75, respectively). Adjustment attenuated the effect of Black and Hispanic race/ethnicity on likelihood of LDLT (sHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.60, 1.02 and sHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.70, 1.11, respectively).
conclusionsHousehold and neighborhood socioeconomic factors and disease severity at wait-list entry help explain racial/ethnic disparities for children awaiting transplant. A nuanced understanding of how social adversity contributes to wait-list outcomes may inform strategies to improve outcomes.
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