Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34387539›Full record

ArticleAJOB neuroscience

"They Are Invasive in Different Ways.": Stakeholders' Perceptions of the Invasiveness of Psychiatric Electroceutical Interventions.

Robyn Bluhm, Marissa Cortright, Eric D Achtyes, Laura Y Cabrera

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AJOB neuroscience. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. The foundational role of autonomy for brain-computer interfaces.Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM · 2026
    Article
  4. Ethical Precision in Nanoscale Brain Interfacing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Robyn BluhmMichigan State University.
Marissa CortrightMichigan State University.
Eric D AchtyesMichigan State University.
Laura Y CabreraPenn State University.ORCID 0000-0002-6220-7096
Michigan State University · USPennsylvania State University · USPine Rest Christian Mental Health Services · US

Funding

Is the Treatment Perceived to be Worse than the Disease?: Ethical Concerns and Attitudes towards Psychiatric Electroceutical InterventionsRF1MH117802 · NIMH · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI CABRERA TRUJILLO, LAURA YENISA · 2018 to 2018
$1.3M
NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH117802
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Medical interventions are usually categorized as "invasive" when they involve piercing the skin or inserting an object into the body. Beyond this standard definition, however, there is little discussion of the concept of invasiveness in the medical literature, despite evidence that the term is used in ways that do not reflect the standard definition of medical invasiveness. We interviewed psychiatrists, patients with depression, and members of the public without depression to better understand their views on the invasiveness of several psychiatric electroceutical interventions (treatments that involve electrical or magnetic stimulation of the brain) for the treatment of depression. Our study shows that people recognize several kinds of invasiveness: physical, emotional, and lifestyle. In addition, several characteristics of therapies influence how invasive they are perceived to be; these include the perceived capacity of an intervention to result in harm; how localized the effects of the intervention are; the amount of control retained by the person receiving the intervention; how permanent its effects are perceived as being; and how familiar it seemed to participants. Our findings contribute to a small literature on the concept of invasiveness, which emphasizes that categorizing an intervention as invasive, or as noninvasive, evokes a variety of other normative considerations, including the potential harm it poses and how it compares to other potential therapies. It may also draw attention away from other salient features of the intervention.

Indexed as

PsychiatryHumansBioethicsdeep brain stimulationdepressionneuroethics

Identifiers

PMID34387539
PMCPMC10424189
OpenAlexW3187538844

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.