ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2021
Impact of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescence, Young Adulthood, and Midlife on Late-Life Cognition: Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depressive symptoms and neuroimaging markers of brain aging in an ethno-racially diverse sample: a Bayesian analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Midlife hypertension and late-life cognition: weighting the LifeAfter90 study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Timing of retirement and cognitive decline among older black adults: Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR).Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Article
- Positive Childhood Experiences, Cognition, and Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Acute Concurrent Exercise Improves Inhibitory Control Without Mediating the Role of Lactate: An Event-Related Potential Study.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- Systolic Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Health, and Neurocognition in Adolescents.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Article
- A Preliminary Analysis of Stress Burden and Cognitive Function and Clinically Adjudicated Cognitive Outcomes in Black American Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024Article
- 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Racial and ethnic differences in the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive outcomes in older adults: Findings from KHANDLE and STAR.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Low- and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Dementia Risk Over 17 Years of Follow-up Among Members of a Large Health Care Plan.Neurology · 2023Article
- Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Association between Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Outcomes in Older Adults: Findings from KHANDLE and STAR.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- The structural and social determinants of Alzheimer's disease related dementias.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Review
- Association of Early Adulthood Hypertension and Blood Pressure Change With Late-Life Neuroimaging Biomarkers.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Associations Between Vascular Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease or Related Dementias in a Large Cohort of Men and Women with Colorectal Cancer.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Article
- Association of baseline level of cardiovascular risk burden and its temporal changes with cognitive decline.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Parental Education, Midlife Hypertension, and Disparities in Late-Life Cognitive Test Scores: Application of an Equity-Focused Causal Decomposition Approach.Alzheimer disease and associated disordersArticle
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMidlife cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) increase risk of dementia. Black Americans experience an elevated prevalence of CVRFs and dementia. However, little is known of how CVRFs prior to midlife affect late-life cognition. We examined CVRFs in adolescence, young adulthood, and midlife with late-life cognition in the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR).
methodSTAR assesses cognitive aging among 764 Black Americans aged ≥50 (mean age = 69; SD = 9; range = 53-95). Participants' body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, and total cholesterol were collected during Multiphasic Health Checkups (MHC; 1964-1985). At STAR baseline (2018-2019), executive function, verbal episodic memory, and semantic memory were measured using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales. Linear regression models examined associations between CVRFs and cognition adjusting for demographics and years since MHC.
resultsAt MHC, 36% of participants had 1 CVRF and 26% had ≥2. Twenty-two percent of participants were adolescents (age 12-20), 62% young adults (age 21-34), and 16% midlife adults (age 35-56). Overweight/obesity was not associated with cognition. Hypertension was associated with worse executive function (β [95% CI]: -0.14 [-0.28, -0.0003]) and verbal episodic memory (β [95% CI]: -0.22 [-0.37, -0.07]) compared to normotension. Diabetes was associated with worse executive function (β [95% CI]: -0.43 [-0.83, -0.03]). Having ≥2 CVRFs (vs 0) was associated with worse executive function (β [95% CI]: -0.19 [-0.34, -0.03]) and verbal episodic memory (β [95% CI]: -0.25 [-0.41, -0.08]). Adolescents with hypertension had lower late-life executive function compared to normotensive adolescents (β [95% CI]: -0.39 [-0.67, -0.11]). Young adulthood hypertension (β [95% CI]: -0.29 [-0.49, -0.09]) and midlife hyperlipidemia (β [95% CI]: -0.386 [-0.70, -0.02]) were associated with lower verbal episodic memory.
conclusionsAmong Black Americans, life-course CVRFs were associated with poorer executive function and verbal episodic memory emphasizing the importance of cardiovascular health on the aging brain.
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