ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2021
Simple models to include influenza vaccination history when evaluating the effect of influenza vaccination.
Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Does repeated influenza vaccination attenuate effectiveness? A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Repeat Influenza Vaccination Effects in 2021/22 and 2022/23 in a Community-Based Cohort in Hong Kong.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Effectiveness and Impact of Autumn 2023 COVID-19 Vaccination in Preventing Hospitalizations in Navarre, Spain, October 2023 to September 2024.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing confirmed influenza cases and hospitalizations in Northern Spain, 2023/24 season: A population-based test-negative case-control study.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025Article
- Immunoadjuvanted influenza vaccine immunogenicity in children with type 1 diabetes over two consecutive seasons.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Cases and Hospitalizations in Navarre, Spain, 2022-2023.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Repeated influenza vaccination induces similar immune protection as first-time vaccination but with differing immune responses.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing influenza in primary care, Navarre, Spain, 2021/22.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022Article
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and influenza vaccination effect in preventing outpatient and inpatient influenza cases.Scientific reports · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundMost reports of influenza vaccine effectiveness consider current-season vaccination only.AimWe evaluated a method to estimate the effect of influenza vaccinations (EIV) considering vaccination history.MethodsWe used a test-negative design with well-documented vaccination history to evaluate the average EIV over eight influenza seasons (2011/12-2018/19; n = 10,356). Modifying effect was considered as difference in effects of vaccination in current and previous seasons and current-season vaccination only. We also explored differences between current-season estimates excluding from the reference category people vaccinated in any of the five previous seasons and estimates without this exclusion or only for one or three previous seasons.ResultsThe EIV was 50%, 45% and 38% in people vaccinated in the current season who had previously received none, one to two and three to five doses, respectively, and it was 30% and 43% for one to two and three to five prior doses only. Vaccination in at least three previous seasons reduced the effect of current-season vaccination by 12 percentage points overall, 31 among outpatients, 22 in 9-65 year-olds, and 23 against influenza B. Including people vaccinated in previous seasons only in the unvaccinated category underestimated EIV by 9 percentage points on average (31% vs 40%). Estimates considering vaccination of three or five previous seasons were similar.ConclusionsVaccine effectiveness studies should consider influenza vaccination in previous seasons, as it can retain effect and is often an effect modifier. Vaccination status in three categories (current season, previous seasons only, unvaccinated) reflects the whole EIV.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.