ArticleThe Journal of nutrition2021
Use of the Electronic Health Record to Assess Prevalence of Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Pregnancy.
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Iron deficiency with and without anemia in pregnancy: A scoping review of prevalence and perinatal impact.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Pregnancy Outcomes Associated With Anemia in the First Trimester and Anemia Resolution by Late Pregnancy.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- Exploring the Use of Iron and Hematologic Indicators for Surveillance of Iron Deficiency in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women in the United States.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Concordance between Hemoglobin and Hematocrit among Children and Pregnant Persons in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data, 1999-2020.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Anemia during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Review
- Postmenopausal bleeding after COVID-19 vaccination.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Article
- Iron Deficiency in the United States: Limitations in Guidelines, Data, and Monitoring of Disparities.American journal of public health · 2022Article
- The Use of Digital Health Tools for Health Promotion Among Women With and Without Chronic Diseases: Insights From the 2017-2020 Health Information National Trends Survey.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2022Article
- Under-recognition of measurement and management of serum ferritin among populations at high risk of iron deficiency - Authors' reply.The Lancet. Haematology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the United States, the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency (ID), and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy remains largely unknown as data at the national or state level are limited or nonexistent, respectively.
objectivesIn an effort to identify opportunities to improve maternal health surveillance, we assessed the feasibility of anemia, ID, and IDA surveillance among first-trimester pregnancies using electronic health records (EHRs).
methodsWe identified pregnancies among Kaiser Permanente Northwest members aged ≥18 y during 2005-2016 with first-trimester prenatal care (n = 41,991). Earliest laboratory test results for hemoglobin or hematocrit and ferritin were selected. We describe the proportion of pregnancies screened for and the prevalence of anemia, ID, and IDA; the concordance of anemia status by hemoglobin compared with hematocrit; and the proportion of pregnancies with laboratory-confirmed anemia that also had an International Classification of Diseases diagnostic code related to anemia.
resultsIdentified pregnancies included women who were 73.1% non-Hispanic (NH) white, 11.5% Hispanic, 8.5% NH Asian/Pacific Islander, and 2.9% NH black. Hemoglobin and hematocrit results were available for 92.7% (n = 38,923) pregnancies. Anemia prevalence was 2.7% (n = 1045) based on hemoglobin <11.0 g/dL or hematocrit <33%; 45.2% of anemia cases had both low hemoglobin and low hematocrit. Among pregnancies with anemia, 18.9% (n = 197) had a ferritin result; of those, 48.2% had ID (ferritin <15 μg/L). In pregnancies without anemia, 3.4% (n = 1275) had a ferritin result; of those, 23.5% had ID. Based on 1472 pregnancies with both anemia and ID assessed, prevalence of ID and IDA was 26.8% and 6.5%, respectively; estimates likely represent selective screening.
conclusionsEHR data have potential to monitor anemia prevalence and trends in health systems where prenatal anemia screening is nearly universal. However, if iron assessment is not routine, then representative estimates of ID or IDA are unattainable.
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