Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34386772›Full record

ReviewResearch (Washington, D.C.)2021

Space-Time-Coding Digital Metasurfaces: Principles and Applications.

Lei Zhang, Tie Jun Cui

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Research (Washington, D.C.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Acoustic Metasurface for Space-time Reflection Manipulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Anti-radar based on metasurface.Nature communications · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Lei ZhangState Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-6374
Tie Jun CuiState Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-1497
MetaMateria (United States) · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Space-time-modulated metastructures characterized by spatiotemporally varying properties have recently attracted great interest and become one of the most fascinating and promising research fields. In the meantime, space-time-coding digital metasurfaces with inherently programmable natures emerge as powerful and versatile platforms for implementing the spatiotemporal modulations, which have been successfully realized and used to manipulate the electromagnetic waves in both the spectral and spatial domains. In this article, we systematically introduce the general concepts and working principles of space-time-coding digital metasurfaces and provide a comprehensive survey of recent advances and representative applications in this field. Specifically, we illustrate the examples of complicated wave manipulations, including harmonic beam control and programmable nonreciprocal effect. The fascinating strategy of space-time-coding opens the door to exciting scenarios for information systems, with abundant applications ranging from wireless communications to imaging and radars. We summarize this review by presenting the perspectives on the existing challenges and future directions in this fast-growing research field.

Identifiers

PMID34386772
PMCPMC8328401
OpenAlexW3165709117

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.