Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34386321›Full record

ReviewActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B2021

The influence of the gut microbiota on the bioavailability of oral drugs.

Xintong Zhang, Ying Han, Wei Huang, Mingji Jin, Zhonggao Gao

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07716553 (Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Transanal Irrigation Versus Standard Bowel Care in Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Severe Constipation. Impact on Gut Microbiome and Motor Disorders. TAI-PD Study.), which is not on this map. Cited by 127 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
127citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07716553 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Trial Comparing the Efficacy of Transanal Irrigation Versus Standard Bowel Care in Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Severe Constipation. Impact on Gut Microbiome and Motor Disorders. TAI-PD Study.

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Hospital of FerraraRan2026 to 2029Enrolled200ConditionsParkinson Disease, ConstipationArmsTransanal Irrigation System, Standard Bowel Care
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

127 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
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  5. Review
  6. Review
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  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis Promotes Gallstone Formation via Bile Acid Metabolic Disorder: A Multiomics Study.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
    Article
  14. New Personalized Medicine Model for Medication Management.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xintong ZhangState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
Ying HanState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
Wei HuangState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
Mingji JinState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
Zhonggao GaoState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Due to its safety, convenience, low cost and good compliance, oral administration attracts lots of attention. However, the efficacy of many oral drugs is limited to their unsatisfactory bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract. One of the critical and most overlooked factors is the symbiotic gut microbiota that can modulate the bioavailability of oral drugs by participating in the biotransformation of oral drugs, influencing the drug transport process and altering some gastrointestinal properties. In this review, we summarized the existing research investigating the possible relationship between the gut microbiota and the bioavailability of oral drugs, which may provide great ideas and useful instructions for the design of novel drug delivery systems or the achievement of personalized medicine.

Indexed as

5-ASA, 5-aminosalicylic acidAA, ascorbic acidABC, ATP-binding cassetteACS, amphipathic chitosan derivativeAMI, amiodaronean OTC drug, an over-the-counter drugAQP4, aquaporin 4AR, azoreductaseASP, amisulprideBBR, berberineBCRP, breast cancer resistance proteinBCS, biopharmaceutics classification systemBDDCS, the biopharmaceutics drug disposition classification systemBDEPT, the bacteria-directed enzyme prodrug therapyBioavailabilityBSH, bile salt hydrolaseCA, cholic acidCDCA, chenodeoxycholic acidcgr operon, cardiac glycoside reductase operonColon-specific drug delivery systemCPP, cell-penetrating peptideCS, chitosanDCA, deoxycholic aciddhBBR, dihydroberberineDRPs, digoxin reduction productsEcN, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917FA, folateFAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsGCDC, glycochenodeoxycholateGL, glycyrrhizic acidGut microbiotaHFD, high fat dietHTC, hematocritIBD, inflammatory bowel diseaseLCA, lithocholic acidLPS, lipopolysaccharideMATEs, multidrug and toxin extrusion proteinsMDR1a, multidrug resistance protein-1aMDR1, multidrug resistance gene 1MKC, monoketocholic acidMPA, mycophenolic acidMRP2, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2NaDC, sodium deoxycholateNaGC, sodium glycholateNEC, necrotizing enterocolitisNMEs, new molecular entitiesNRs, nitroreductasesNSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsOATs, organic anion transportersOCTNs, organic zwitterion/cationOCTs, organic cation transportersOral drugsPD, Parkinson's diseaseP-gp, P-glycoproteinpKa, dissociation constantPPIs, proton pump inhibitorsProbioticsPT, pectinPWSDs, poorly water-soluble drugsRA, rheumatoid arthritisRBC, red blood cellSCFAs, short-chain fatty acidsSGLT-1, sodium-coupled glucose transporter 1SLC, solute carrierSLN, solid lipid nanoparticleSP, sulfapyridineSSZ, sulfasalazineSVCT-1/2, the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter-1/2T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitusT1D, type 1 diabetesT2D, type 2 diabetesTCA, taurocholateTCDC, taurochenodeoxycholateTDCA, taurodeoxycholatethe GI tract, the gastrointestinal tractTLCA, taurolithocholateTME, the tumor microenvironmentUDC, ursodeoxycholic acidWHO, World Health Organization

Identifiers

PMID34386321
PMCPMC8343123

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.