ReviewOncology letters2021
Inhibition of photodynamic therapy induced-immunosuppression with aminolevulinic acid leads to enhanced outcomes of tumors and pre-cancerous lesions.
Review in Oncology letters, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Photodynamic therapy based on indomethacin-conjugated photosensitizers: targeting cyclooxygenase-2 in cancer treatment.Medical gas research · 2026Review
- Illumination of Targeting Nanotherapeutics with Precision Eyes: From Optical to Radio-nanotheranostics.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Photodynamic therapy remodels cutaneous tumor immunity: innate priming, suppressive feedback, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 inhibition remodulated photodynamic therapy-associated immunosuppression for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Stable triangle: nanomedicine-based synergistic application of phototherapy and immunotherapy for tumor treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Topical Photodynamic Therapy Generates Bioactive Microvesicle Particles: Evidence for a Pathway Involved in Immunosuppressive Effects.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment option for tumors and pre-cancerous lesions, but it has immunosuppressive side effects that limit its effectiveness. Recent studies suggest that PDT-mediated immunosuppression occurs through a cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) mediated pathway that leads to increases in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which act as negative regulators of immune responses. Given this pathway, there are three main methods to block immunosuppression: i) Inhibiting the proliferation of Tregs, which can be achieved with the administration of cyclophosphamide or inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, an activator of Tregs; ii) inhibiting MDSCs by reducing hypoxia around the tumor to create an unfavorable environment or administering all-trans-retinoic acid, which converts MDSCs to a non-immunosuppressive state; and iii) inhibiting COX-2 through selective or non-selective COX-inhibitors. In the present review article, strategies that have shown increased efficacy of PDT in treating tumors and pre-cancerous lesions by blocking the immunosuppressive side effects are outlined and discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.