ArticleNature medicine2021
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte treatment for anti-PD-1-resistant metastatic lung cancer: a phase 1 trial.
Article in Nature medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 288 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I Clinical Trial Combining Nivolumab and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) for Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Clinical Trial of CD40L-augmented Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (CD40L TIL) for Patients With Oncogene-Driven Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Who cites it
288 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 404 citations in OpenAlex.
- The current state and trends of immunotherapy research in lung cancer: a review and bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Effective TIL Therapy for Patients with Checkpoint-Resistant Melanoma without Lymphodepleting Regimens Requires IFNα.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Neoantigen-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in gastrointestinal cancers: a phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Safety and Tolerability of Letetresgene Autoleucel (GSK3377794): Pilot Studies in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Lifileucel, an Autologous Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Monotherapy, in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Cancer discovery · 2024Trial
- Preclinical proof of concept for a personalized SNAP™-TIL (Specific Neo-Antigen Peptides-TIL) therapy platform.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Salvianolic acid monomers against metastasis: Decoding the multilayered interception of EMT, angiogenesis and immune evasion (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- ΔAverage of long and short axis diameter on non-contrast CT is associated with major pathological response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer.European radiology · 2026Article
- Cellular immunotherapy for lung cancer: current clinical evidence, translational challenges, and future perspectives: a narrative review.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Predicting Neoantigen Immunogenicity frombioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Adoptive cell therapy in lung cancer: progress, challenges, and prospects.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Predictive value of HALP score for clinical outcomes in lung cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Cell surface ADGRG1 and CD86 expression identifies antitumor CD4Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Breaking barriers in gynecologic malignancies with adoptive cell transfers and nanomedicine.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy: Historical context, clinical applications, and future directions.Cancer · 2026Review
- Immune-preserving radiotherapy and perioperative immunotherapy in stage III NSCLC: a narrative review of current management and future directions for IIIA/IIIB NSCLC.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- CAR-T and TIL therapies in solid tumors: barriers, clinical lessons, and convergent solutions.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- The challenge and promise of studying human antigen-specific T cells.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Unbiased avidity-based isolation of antigen-specific T cells.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
228 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has shown activity in melanoma, but has not been previously evaluated in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. We conducted a single-arm open-label phase 1 trial ( NCT03215810 ) of TILs administered with nivolumab in 20 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer following initial progression on nivolumab monotherapy. The primary end point was safety and secondary end points included objective response rate, duration of response and T cell persistence. Autologous TILs were expanded ex vivo from minced tumors cultured with interleukin-2. Patients received cyclophosphamide and fludarabine lymphodepletion, TIL infusion and interleukin-2, followed by maintenance nivolumab. The end point of safety was met according to the prespecified criteria of ≤17% rate of severe toxicity (95% confidence interval, 3-29%). Of 13 evaluable patients, 3 had confirmed responses and 11 had reduction in tumor burden, with a median best change of 35%. Two patients achieved complete responses that were ongoing 1.5 years later. In exploratory analyses, we found T cells recognizing multiple types of cancer mutations were detected after TIL treatment and were enriched in responding patients. Neoantigen-reactive T cell clonotypes increased and persisted in peripheral blood after treatment. Cell therapy with autologous TILs is generally safe and clinically active and may constitute a new treatment strategy in metastatic lung cancer.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.