SynthesisHypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension2021
The effectiveness and safety of isometric resistance training for adults with high blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07665034 (The Impact of Isometric Resistance Exercise on Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Hypertension), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Impact of Isometric Resistance Exercise on Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Hypertension: A Study of Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Optimal Dosage of Isometric Handgrip Exercise for Blood Pressure Reduction: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Pooled it
- The efficacy of Pilates method in patients with hypertension: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of human hypertension · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on cognitive function: Current evidence, methodology, and safety considerations.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Sports Cardiology in Practice: Exercise as Stressor, Signal, and Therapy.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Acute effect of isometric wall squat on hemodynamic and autonomic status according to hypertensive subtypes in adults.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Acute blood pressure responses to plank and wall sit isometric exercise in adults.Journal of hypertension · 2026Article
- Acute intraocular pressure changes during isometric exercise in glaucoma patients: the influence of exercise and intensity.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Article
- Manual Therapy in Conjunction With Other Multimodal Interventions in a Patient With Chronic Pain and Hypertension: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2025Article
- Pilot Study Assessing the Hemodynamic Impact and Post-Exercise Hypotension Induced by High- Versus Low-Intensity Isometric Handgrip in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- Validation of a novel multi-exercise approach to isometric resistance training in normotensive adults.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
- Intra-Session Reliability and Predictive Value of Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction for Estimating One-Repetition Maximum in Older Women: A Randomised Split-Sample Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Aerobic Exercise on Health Management in Older Patients with Hypertension: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials from the Past Decade.International journal of general medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- The Western and Chinese exercise training for blood pressure reduction among hypertensive patients: An overview of systematic reviews.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2024Review
- Isometric Exercise Training and Arterial Hypertension: An Updated Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- An evidence-based guide to the efficacy and safety of isometric resistance training in hypertension and clinical implications.Clinical hypertension · 2023Review
- Article
- Baseline imbalance and heterogeneity are present in meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials examining the effects of exercise and medicines for blood pressure management.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) is a global health challenge. Isometric resistance training (IRT) has demonstrated antihypertensive effects, but safety data are not available, thereby limiting its recommendation for clinical use. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing IRT to controls in adults with elevated BP (systolic ≥130 mmHg/diastolic ≥85 mmHg). This review provides an update to office BP estimations and is the first to investigate 24-h ambulatory BP, central BP, and safety. Data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed the risk of bias with the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the quality of evidence with GRADE. Twenty-four trials were included (n = 1143; age = 56 ± 9 years, 56% female). IRT resulted in clinically meaningful reductions in office systolic (-6.97 mmHg, 95% CI -8.77 to -5.18, p < 0.0001) and office diastolic BP (-3.86 mmHg, 95% CI -5.31 to -2.41, p < 0.0001). Novel findings included reductions in central systolic (-7.48 mmHg, 95% CI -14.89 to -0.07, p = 0.035), central diastolic (-3.75 mmHg, 95% CI -6.38 to -1.12, p = 0.005), and 24-h diastolic (-2.39 mmHg, 95% CI -4.28 to -0.40, p = 0.02) but not 24-h systolic BP (-2.77 mmHg, 95% CI -6.80 to 1.25, p = 0.18). These results are very low/low certainty with high heterogeneity. There was no significant increase in the risk of IRT, risk ratio (1.12, 95% CI 0.47 to 2.68, p = 0.8), or the risk difference (1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03, p = 0.13). This means that there is one adverse event per 38,444 bouts of IRT. IRT appears safe and may cause clinically relevant reductions in BP (office, central BP, and 24-h diastolic). High-quality trials are required to improve confidence in these findings. PROSPERO (CRD42020201888); OSF ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/H58BZ ).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.