ArticleScientific reports2021
Valid 3D surface superimposition references to assess facial changes during growth.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effect of orthodontic treatment on smile attractiveness: a systematic review.Progress in orthodontics · 2023Pooled it
- Surgical Management of Isolated Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures: Role of Objective Morphometric Analysis in Decision-Making.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2025Review
- Measurement of three-dimensional facial changes after orthodontic extraction: a retrospective longitudinal study.Head & face medicine · 2025Article
- Accuracy of anterior cranial base surfaces acquired from computed tomography imaging.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nasolabial shape and aesthetics in patients with cleft lip and palate: analysis of 3D facial images.European journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- 3D palatal superimposition in adolescent orthodontic patients treated without extractions: method validation.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Stereophotometric facial changes in edentulous older adults after rehabilitation with complete dentures.Gerodontology · 2025Article
- Accuracy of facial skeletal surfaces segmented from CT and CBCT radiographs.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Three-dimensional morphometric analysis of facial units in virtual smiling facial images with different smile expressions.The journal of advanced prosthodontics · 2023Article
- Facial asymmetry and midsagittal plane definition in 3D: A bias-free, automated method.PloS one · 2023Article
- Novel Anterior Cranial Base Area for Voxel-Based Superimposition of Craniofacial CBCTs.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Comparison of surface- and voxel-based registration on the mandibular ramus for long-term three-dimensional assessment of condylar remodelling following orthognathic surgery.Dento maxillo facial radiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Currently, the primary techniques applied for the assessment of facial changes over time utilize 2D images. However, this approach has important limitations related to the dimensional reduction and the accuracy of the used data. 3D facial photography has been recently introduced as a risk-free alternative that overcomes these limitations. However, the proper reference areas that should be used to superimpose serial 3D facial images of growing individuals are not yet known. Here, we tested various 3D facial photo superimposition reference areas and compared their outcomes to those of a standard anterior cranial base superimposition technique. We found that a small rectangular area on the forehead plus an area including the middle part of the nose and the lower wall of the orbital foramen provided comparable results to the standard technique and showed adequate reproducibility. Other reference areas that have been used so far in the literature were less reliable. Within the limitations of the study, a valid superimposition reference area for serial 3D facial images of growing individuals is suggested. The method has potential to greatly expand the possibilities of this highly informative, risk free, and easily obtained 3D tool for the assessment of facial changes in growing individuals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.